2023 HESI A2 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY EXAM PREP Q&A

2023 HESI A2 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY EXAM PREP Q&A 1. 1. QUESTION Which structure transports urine from the kidney to the bladder? o Ureter o Urethra o Collecting duct o Prostate The correct answer is Ureter. The ureter conveys urine from the kidneys to the bladder. The urethra transports urine from the bladder to the exterior. The collecting duct transports urine from the distal convoluted tubule to the renal pelvis. The prostate is part of the male reproductive system and its secretions constitute about 20% of the semen. Structure Function Ureter A muscular tube that conveys urine from the renal pelvis to the bladder Bladder A muscular sac that stores urine until micturition Urethra A muscular tube that conveys urine from the bladder to the exterior 2. 2. QUESTION What is the functional unit of the kidney? o Nephron o Glomerulus o Tubules o Ureter The correct answer is Nephron. The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney. There are about one million nephrons in each kidney. Each nephron is made up of the glomerulus and the tubule. Blood is filtered across the glomerulus of each nephron and the glomerular filtrate is altered by the process of reabsorption and secretion as the filtrate moves down the tubules into the collecting duct. The collecting ducts empty urine into the renal pelvis. Urine moves from the renal pelvis to the ureter and into the bladder where it is stored until the person has an urge to urinate. The glomerulus is not the functional unit of the kidney. Instead, it is a part of the nephron and the nephron is the functional unit of the kidney. The tubule is not the functional unit of the kidney. Instead, it is a part of the nephron and the nephron is the functional unit of the kidney. The ureter is not a part of the kidney. Instead, it is a tube that connects the kidneys with the bladder. 3. 3. QUESTION The nervous system is divided into two parts, namely ___________ and ____________. o The central nervous system and spinal cord o The central nervous system and autonomic nervous system o The central nervous system and somatic nervous system o The