Pharmacology Exam 1| 367 QUESTIONS| WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS

What are the roles of a clinical pharmacologist? correct answer: - supervision and surveillance of a drug response - modifying and refining dose regimens as necessary What is a graded dose-response relationship vs. a quantal dose-response relationship? correct answer: - graded: response is measured on a continuous scale; can be used to determine the maximum efficacy of a drug (e.g. change in blood pressure, change in hormone concentration); can be in individual or population - quantal: response is "either/ or" event (e.g. yes or no); relates the dose and response frequency in a population (e.g. prevention of death, prevention of seizures) What is potency? correct answer: - dose of a drug required to elicit a biologic effect (how we denote the clinical effectiveness of a drug) - more potent drugs require less to elicit effects What is the ED50? correct answer: either the dose required to elicit 50% of the maximal effect or the dose that elicits a response in 50% of the population (depending on if it is a graded relationship or a quantal relationship) What is efficacy? correct answer: - the ability of the drug to elicit an effect; the limit of the dose-response curve on the y-axis - how we denote the clinical effectiveness of a drug