SYG 2000 Exam 2/122 Questions and
Answers/ 100% accurate and Verified
race - -a social definition based on some real or presumed physical, biological
characteristic, as well as a shared lineage; more about what people define it to be than it
is about any basic physical differences
-ethnicity/ ethnic group - -socially defined; on the basis of some real or presumed
cultural characteristic such as language, religion, traditions, and cultural practices;
shared origins; relatively clear boundaries; tend to endure over time; recognized as
distinct
-hypodescent rule - -"one black ancestor rule"; in the early 20th century, several states
adopted this one drop rule meaning that a person with the slightest traceable amount of
African ancestry was considered black
-minority group - -defined by Max Weber; in a subordinate position in terms of wealth,
power, or prestige (status)
-majority group - -defined by Max Weber; in a dominant position in terms of wealth,
power, or prestige (status); a higher ranking in only one or two can be enough to accord
this status
-stereotype - -a generalization about an entire category of people; appears in daily
social interaction; tend to be negative; the basis for prejudice and discrimination
-prejudice - -involves negative attitudes, beliefs, and feelings towards minorities
-discrimination - -the unfavorable treatment of minorities arising from the negative
stereotypes of prejudice; can take place either formally or informally; always involves
overt behavior
-intersectionality - -the idea that members of any given minority group are affected by
the nature of their position in other arrangements of social inequality; extended to all
minority groups; problems associated with being a member of multiple oppressed
minority groups; the disadvantages multiply
-pluralism - -exists in societies where many groups are able to coexist without any of
them losing their individual qualities
, -assimilation - -occurs when a minority group takes on the characteristics of the
dominant group and leaves its old ways behind
-racism - -defining a minority group as a race, attributing negative characteristics to
that group, and then creating the circumstances that keep that group at a disadvantage
relative to the majority; a subtype of xenophobia
-xenophobia - -involves the beliefs, attitudes, and prejudices that reject, exclude, and
vilify groups that are not part of the dominant social group
-institutional racism - -race-based discrimination that results from the day-to-day
operation of social institutions and social structures and their rules, policies, and
practices
-sex - -principally a biological distinction between males and females based on
fundamental differences in their reproductive organs and functions
-gender - -based on what, given a person's sex, are considered appropriate physical,
behavioral, and personality characteristics
-sexuality - -the ways in which people think about, and behave toward, themselves and
others as sexual beings; much variation among individuals
-sexual orientation - -one element of sexual identity; involves who you desire, with
whom you want to have sexual relations, and with whom you have a sense of
connectedness
-heterosexuality - -sexual desire for the opposite sex
-homosexuality - -desire to have sexual relations with someone of the same sex
-bisexuality - -desire for sexual relations with both sexes
-asexuality - -a lack of sexual desire
-pedophilia - -sexual attraction to children; has received much negative publicity in
recent years-- especially when it leads to sexual abuse of children
-sexual scripts - -gender appropriate; generally known ideas about what one ought to
do and what one ought not to do as far as sexual behavior is concerned
Answers/ 100% accurate and Verified
race - -a social definition based on some real or presumed physical, biological
characteristic, as well as a shared lineage; more about what people define it to be than it
is about any basic physical differences
-ethnicity/ ethnic group - -socially defined; on the basis of some real or presumed
cultural characteristic such as language, religion, traditions, and cultural practices;
shared origins; relatively clear boundaries; tend to endure over time; recognized as
distinct
-hypodescent rule - -"one black ancestor rule"; in the early 20th century, several states
adopted this one drop rule meaning that a person with the slightest traceable amount of
African ancestry was considered black
-minority group - -defined by Max Weber; in a subordinate position in terms of wealth,
power, or prestige (status)
-majority group - -defined by Max Weber; in a dominant position in terms of wealth,
power, or prestige (status); a higher ranking in only one or two can be enough to accord
this status
-stereotype - -a generalization about an entire category of people; appears in daily
social interaction; tend to be negative; the basis for prejudice and discrimination
-prejudice - -involves negative attitudes, beliefs, and feelings towards minorities
-discrimination - -the unfavorable treatment of minorities arising from the negative
stereotypes of prejudice; can take place either formally or informally; always involves
overt behavior
-intersectionality - -the idea that members of any given minority group are affected by
the nature of their position in other arrangements of social inequality; extended to all
minority groups; problems associated with being a member of multiple oppressed
minority groups; the disadvantages multiply
-pluralism - -exists in societies where many groups are able to coexist without any of
them losing their individual qualities
, -assimilation - -occurs when a minority group takes on the characteristics of the
dominant group and leaves its old ways behind
-racism - -defining a minority group as a race, attributing negative characteristics to
that group, and then creating the circumstances that keep that group at a disadvantage
relative to the majority; a subtype of xenophobia
-xenophobia - -involves the beliefs, attitudes, and prejudices that reject, exclude, and
vilify groups that are not part of the dominant social group
-institutional racism - -race-based discrimination that results from the day-to-day
operation of social institutions and social structures and their rules, policies, and
practices
-sex - -principally a biological distinction between males and females based on
fundamental differences in their reproductive organs and functions
-gender - -based on what, given a person's sex, are considered appropriate physical,
behavioral, and personality characteristics
-sexuality - -the ways in which people think about, and behave toward, themselves and
others as sexual beings; much variation among individuals
-sexual orientation - -one element of sexual identity; involves who you desire, with
whom you want to have sexual relations, and with whom you have a sense of
connectedness
-heterosexuality - -sexual desire for the opposite sex
-homosexuality - -desire to have sexual relations with someone of the same sex
-bisexuality - -desire for sexual relations with both sexes
-asexuality - -a lack of sexual desire
-pedophilia - -sexual attraction to children; has received much negative publicity in
recent years-- especially when it leads to sexual abuse of children
-sexual scripts - -gender appropriate; generally known ideas about what one ought to
do and what one ought not to do as far as sexual behavior is concerned
