MAZO, JHAMELLA GAIL C.
CJURIS 1 [Philippine Criminal Justice System (PCJS)]
1. Act - it is a bodily movement tending to produce an effect in the external world.
2. Accused – a person or persons formally charged or implicated in wrongdoing but not yet
convicted of a crime.
3. Acquittal - a legal judgment, based on the decision of either a jury or judge that a person
accused of a crime is not guilty of the charges for which they have been tried.
4. Adjourn - to continue a proceeding to a later time.
5. Adjudication - the judicial process that ends a criminal proceeding by a judgment of
acquittal, conviction, or dismissal of a case.
6. Admissible Evidence - evidence that is relevant and proper for the court’s consideration.
7. Affidavit - a written, sworn statement made under oath, in which the writer swears that the
information stated therein is true.
8. Alford Doctrine – a plea in a criminal case in which the defendant does not admit guilt, but
agrees that the state has enough evidence against him or her to gain a conviction.
9. Appeal -request that a case be removed from the lower court to the higher for the purpose
of conducting judicial review.
10. Appellate Jurisdiction - when it can try a case already heard and decided at the lower court
removed from the latter by appeal.
11. Apprehending Offenders - is also known as arresting offenders.
12. Arbitrary Detention - if the detaining person is a public officer or employee.
13. Arbitration - is the process of resolving a dispute or a grievance outside of court system by
presenting it to a third person or panel for decision.
14. Arraignment - the first court appearance of a person accused of a crime.
15. Arrest – Is the taking of the person onto the custody in order that he bound to answer for
the commission of an offense.
16. Attempted Crime - there is an attempted when the offender commences the commission of
a felony directly by overt acts and does not perform all the acts of execution which should
produce the felony because of some cause or accident other than his spontaneous desistance.
17. Attorney - Is a man set apart by the law to expound to all persons who seek from him the
laws of the land relating to the highest interest of life, liberty, and property.
,MAZO, JHAMELLA GAIL C.
18. Attorney de Officio - An attorney assigned by a superior court to defend, assist, represent,
or otherwise render professional service to destitute litigants without any remuneration.
19. Bail - is the security given for the release of the person in the custody of the law, furnished
by him or the bondsman, to guarantee hos appearance before any court as required under the
conditions as specific.
20. Bench Trial - a trial in which the judge hears the case without a jury and decides
whether the accused is guilty.
21. Beyond a Reasonable Doubt - the degree of proof needed for a judge or jury to convict a
person.
22. Bond - money or property required by the court for the release of a prisoner who must
appear in court at a future time.
23. Case Law - law derived from a collection of reported cases within a certain
area of law in a given jurisdiction.
24. Civil Jurisdiction - the jurisdiction that exist when the subject matter is not of criminal
nature.
25. Common Crime Laws - this refers to the body of principles; usages and rules of actions,
which do not rest for their authority upon any express and positive declaration of the will of the
legislature.
26. Community - Is a group of persons living in a particular place.
27. Complainant - a person who makes a complaint or files a formal charge in a court of law.
28. Concurrent Jurisdiction - when any of two or more courts may take cognizance of a case.
29. Conditional Discharge – a disposition in criminal cases where the defendant must satisfy
certain court-ordered conditions instead of a prison term.
30. Consummate Crime – when all of the elements necessary for its execution and
accomplishment are present.
31. Continuance - a delay or postponement of a court case to another date.
32. Contraband - goods barred by law.
33. Conviction - the act or process of finding someone guilty of a crime.
,MAZO, JHAMELLA GAIL C.
34. Court - is an entity or body in which a portion of judicial power is vested.
35. Court Leet - to handle a local legal matter in some, but not all, communities, the Norman
establish the “Court Leet”, which looked after matters of purely local interest and petty village
nuisances.
36. Court of Appeal - it is essentially an Appellate Court, reviewing cases appealed to it from
Regional Trial Court.
37. Court of the Tourn - This court heard arrange of cases, more often dealing with petty
offenses and civil matters.
38. Crime - It is an act committed or omitted in violation of public laws forbidding or
commanding it.
39. Criminal - it refers to any person finally convicted by a competent court in violation of
criminal law.
40. Criminal Jurisdiction - jurisdiction to try a case where there is punishment or penalty
provided by the law.
41. Criminal Justice System - It is the sum total of instrumentation that society uses in the
prevention and control of crimes.
42. Criminal Law - It is a branch or division of law which defines crimes, treats their nature, and
provides for their punishment.
43. Criminal Trial - a judicial proceeding, before a jury or judge, to determine if a
person charged with a crime actually committed that crime.
44. Decision - Is the judgment rendered by court of justice or other competent tribunal after
the presentation of the respective positions of the parties in ordinary or criminal cases or upon
a stipulation of facts upon which the disposition of the cases is based.
45. Defendant - a person who is arrested and charged with a crime.
46. Defense Counsel - the lawyer who represents the defendant in a legal proceeding.
47. Dismissal - a judge’s decision to end the case, without convicting or acquitting the
defendant.
48. Disposition - the manner in which a case is settled or resolved.
, MAZO, JHAMELLA GAIL C.
49. Docket - a list of cases scheduled to be heard in court on a specific date.
50. Docket Number - a unique number that the court clerk assigns to each case.
51. Dropping Multiple Counts - means that a prosecutor has the discretion to drop multiple
criminal counts and to charge the defendant instead with only a single crime, a crime that may
or may not be the most to the serious crime involved.
52. Due Process - a law which hears before it condemns; which proceeds upon inquiry and
render judgment after trial.
53. Enforce - to compel or force obedience to a law, rule, or order.
54. Evidence - testimony, documents, and objects used to prove a fact in a case.
55. Exclusive Jurisdiction - when it can try and decide a case that cannot be presented to any
other court.
56. Execution Suspended - a prison sentence that is suspended in whole or in part provided
certain conditions of probation or conditional discharge are met by the defendant.
57. Ex-Parte - done for, or at the request of, one side in a case only, usually
without prior notice to the other side.
58. Failure to Appear - failing to come to court for a scheduled hearing.
59. Fear - This problem is so pervasive that it effects practically the entire society, whether rich
or poor.
60. Felony - act or omission in violation of the Revised Penal Code.
61. Frustrated Crime - it is frustrated when the offender performs all the act of execution which
would produce the felony is a consequence but which, nevertheless, do not produce it because
of causes independent of the will of the perpetrator.
62. Guardian Ad Litem - a person appointed by the court to represent a minor child’s best
interests in a court case.
63. General Jurisdiction - when the court is empowered to decide all disputes that may come
before it except those assigned other courts.
64. Guilty - a verdict of a judge or jury that a person accused of committing a
crime did commit it.
CJURIS 1 [Philippine Criminal Justice System (PCJS)]
1. Act - it is a bodily movement tending to produce an effect in the external world.
2. Accused – a person or persons formally charged or implicated in wrongdoing but not yet
convicted of a crime.
3. Acquittal - a legal judgment, based on the decision of either a jury or judge that a person
accused of a crime is not guilty of the charges for which they have been tried.
4. Adjourn - to continue a proceeding to a later time.
5. Adjudication - the judicial process that ends a criminal proceeding by a judgment of
acquittal, conviction, or dismissal of a case.
6. Admissible Evidence - evidence that is relevant and proper for the court’s consideration.
7. Affidavit - a written, sworn statement made under oath, in which the writer swears that the
information stated therein is true.
8. Alford Doctrine – a plea in a criminal case in which the defendant does not admit guilt, but
agrees that the state has enough evidence against him or her to gain a conviction.
9. Appeal -request that a case be removed from the lower court to the higher for the purpose
of conducting judicial review.
10. Appellate Jurisdiction - when it can try a case already heard and decided at the lower court
removed from the latter by appeal.
11. Apprehending Offenders - is also known as arresting offenders.
12. Arbitrary Detention - if the detaining person is a public officer or employee.
13. Arbitration - is the process of resolving a dispute or a grievance outside of court system by
presenting it to a third person or panel for decision.
14. Arraignment - the first court appearance of a person accused of a crime.
15. Arrest – Is the taking of the person onto the custody in order that he bound to answer for
the commission of an offense.
16. Attempted Crime - there is an attempted when the offender commences the commission of
a felony directly by overt acts and does not perform all the acts of execution which should
produce the felony because of some cause or accident other than his spontaneous desistance.
17. Attorney - Is a man set apart by the law to expound to all persons who seek from him the
laws of the land relating to the highest interest of life, liberty, and property.
,MAZO, JHAMELLA GAIL C.
18. Attorney de Officio - An attorney assigned by a superior court to defend, assist, represent,
or otherwise render professional service to destitute litigants without any remuneration.
19. Bail - is the security given for the release of the person in the custody of the law, furnished
by him or the bondsman, to guarantee hos appearance before any court as required under the
conditions as specific.
20. Bench Trial - a trial in which the judge hears the case without a jury and decides
whether the accused is guilty.
21. Beyond a Reasonable Doubt - the degree of proof needed for a judge or jury to convict a
person.
22. Bond - money or property required by the court for the release of a prisoner who must
appear in court at a future time.
23. Case Law - law derived from a collection of reported cases within a certain
area of law in a given jurisdiction.
24. Civil Jurisdiction - the jurisdiction that exist when the subject matter is not of criminal
nature.
25. Common Crime Laws - this refers to the body of principles; usages and rules of actions,
which do not rest for their authority upon any express and positive declaration of the will of the
legislature.
26. Community - Is a group of persons living in a particular place.
27. Complainant - a person who makes a complaint or files a formal charge in a court of law.
28. Concurrent Jurisdiction - when any of two or more courts may take cognizance of a case.
29. Conditional Discharge – a disposition in criminal cases where the defendant must satisfy
certain court-ordered conditions instead of a prison term.
30. Consummate Crime – when all of the elements necessary for its execution and
accomplishment are present.
31. Continuance - a delay or postponement of a court case to another date.
32. Contraband - goods barred by law.
33. Conviction - the act or process of finding someone guilty of a crime.
,MAZO, JHAMELLA GAIL C.
34. Court - is an entity or body in which a portion of judicial power is vested.
35. Court Leet - to handle a local legal matter in some, but not all, communities, the Norman
establish the “Court Leet”, which looked after matters of purely local interest and petty village
nuisances.
36. Court of Appeal - it is essentially an Appellate Court, reviewing cases appealed to it from
Regional Trial Court.
37. Court of the Tourn - This court heard arrange of cases, more often dealing with petty
offenses and civil matters.
38. Crime - It is an act committed or omitted in violation of public laws forbidding or
commanding it.
39. Criminal - it refers to any person finally convicted by a competent court in violation of
criminal law.
40. Criminal Jurisdiction - jurisdiction to try a case where there is punishment or penalty
provided by the law.
41. Criminal Justice System - It is the sum total of instrumentation that society uses in the
prevention and control of crimes.
42. Criminal Law - It is a branch or division of law which defines crimes, treats their nature, and
provides for their punishment.
43. Criminal Trial - a judicial proceeding, before a jury or judge, to determine if a
person charged with a crime actually committed that crime.
44. Decision - Is the judgment rendered by court of justice or other competent tribunal after
the presentation of the respective positions of the parties in ordinary or criminal cases or upon
a stipulation of facts upon which the disposition of the cases is based.
45. Defendant - a person who is arrested and charged with a crime.
46. Defense Counsel - the lawyer who represents the defendant in a legal proceeding.
47. Dismissal - a judge’s decision to end the case, without convicting or acquitting the
defendant.
48. Disposition - the manner in which a case is settled or resolved.
, MAZO, JHAMELLA GAIL C.
49. Docket - a list of cases scheduled to be heard in court on a specific date.
50. Docket Number - a unique number that the court clerk assigns to each case.
51. Dropping Multiple Counts - means that a prosecutor has the discretion to drop multiple
criminal counts and to charge the defendant instead with only a single crime, a crime that may
or may not be the most to the serious crime involved.
52. Due Process - a law which hears before it condemns; which proceeds upon inquiry and
render judgment after trial.
53. Enforce - to compel or force obedience to a law, rule, or order.
54. Evidence - testimony, documents, and objects used to prove a fact in a case.
55. Exclusive Jurisdiction - when it can try and decide a case that cannot be presented to any
other court.
56. Execution Suspended - a prison sentence that is suspended in whole or in part provided
certain conditions of probation or conditional discharge are met by the defendant.
57. Ex-Parte - done for, or at the request of, one side in a case only, usually
without prior notice to the other side.
58. Failure to Appear - failing to come to court for a scheduled hearing.
59. Fear - This problem is so pervasive that it effects practically the entire society, whether rich
or poor.
60. Felony - act or omission in violation of the Revised Penal Code.
61. Frustrated Crime - it is frustrated when the offender performs all the act of execution which
would produce the felony is a consequence but which, nevertheless, do not produce it because
of causes independent of the will of the perpetrator.
62. Guardian Ad Litem - a person appointed by the court to represent a minor child’s best
interests in a court case.
63. General Jurisdiction - when the court is empowered to decide all disputes that may come
before it except those assigned other courts.
64. Guilty - a verdict of a judge or jury that a person accused of committing a
crime did commit it.
