GRADE 12 KINESIOLOGY EXAM 2023 SOLVED
CORRECTLY
What are the three main functions of the respiratory system?
1. Supply oxygen to the blood
2. Remove CO2
3.Regulate blood PH
What is external respiration?
Processes that occur within the lungs involving exchange of O2 + CO2
What is internal respiration?
gas exchange at tissue level, O2 is delivered, CO2 removed
What is cellular respiration?
Process in which cells use O2 to generate energy
What are the two main zones of the respiratory system?
1. Conductive zone: Transports air from outside the body to the lungs.
(mouth,nose,bronchioles,larynx)
2.Respiratory zone: Gas exchange occurs between the air and the blood.
(bronchioles,alveolar ducts,sacs)
What is ventilation?
Is a combination of respiration and expiration.
What is inspiration?
Active process that requiring the contraction of respiratory muscles in which air is taken
in.
What is expiration?
Active or passive process in which air is expelled.
Control of Ventilation
Breathing results from the contraction and relaxation of the respiratory muscles.
(controlled by the CNS)
All aspects of breathing are closely associated with the overall need of CO2, metabolic
processes, muscle activity, and production of C02.
Explain gas exchange
The average persons lungs have about 300 million alveolar sacs, each of which is
surrounding a web of capillaries: walls of capillaries are one cell thick which provides a
very short distance for gases to diffuse.
What is diffusion?
Diffusion is the primary factor that mediates gas exchange both at the lungs and at the
tissues. Going from an area of high concentration to low concentration.
What is oxygen transport?
The process by which oxygen is absorbed in the lungs + carried to the peripheral
tissues.
What is CO2 transportation?
Process by which the Co2 in the blood is moved into the alveoli then exhaled from the
body.
What are Newton's Three Laws of Motion?
Inertia, acceleration, action -reaction
, Law of Inertia
Restates: Remains in a stationary position or continues to move at a constant velocity
unless an external force is exerted upon it.
inertia: property of matter that causes an object to resist any changes in motion.
Law of Acceleration
Newton's formula f=ma describes the relationship between the force acting on an object
F its mass m and its acceleration a.
different masses = different distances
Law of Action-Reaction
Every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. exerts force on another.
What is a force?
A push or a pull
what is an external Force?
external forces are forces that occur outside the body.
what is an internal Force?
internal forces are those that include muscle contractions.
what are two specific areas that are important in regulation and coordination of
the heart's electrical activity?
1. Sinoatrial node (SA node)
2. Atrioventricular node (AV node)
What is the sinoatrial node?
found in the right atrium where electrical signals leading to contraction are indicated.
what is the AV node?
the AV node transmits the electrical signal from Atria into the ventricles through the
ventricular septum. (bundle of this runs through the ventricular septum )
what is the ventricular septum?
it is tissue that separates the two ventricles
explain more about the SA node
The SA node will cause the heart to contract 70 to 80 beats per minute without any
input from the nervous system. However the SA node can be influenced by the
autonomic nervous system. Stimulation from the nervous system can result in an
increase or decrease in heart rate as well as in the force of contraction of the heart.
what is an electrocardiogram?
An instrument that allows you to measure the electrical activity of the heart. And ECG
provides a graphical representation of the electrical sequence of events that occurs with
each contraction of the heart.
what are cardiovascular Dynamics?
refers to how the functioning of the cardiovascular system adapts to meet the demands
placed on it.
What is cardiac output?
the volume of blood pumped out of the left ventricle in one minute (liters per minute).
what are two factors that contribute to cardiac output?
stroke volume and heart rate.
What is stroke volume?
the amount of blood that is ejected from the left ventricle in a single heartbeat (milliliters
per minute).
CORRECTLY
What are the three main functions of the respiratory system?
1. Supply oxygen to the blood
2. Remove CO2
3.Regulate blood PH
What is external respiration?
Processes that occur within the lungs involving exchange of O2 + CO2
What is internal respiration?
gas exchange at tissue level, O2 is delivered, CO2 removed
What is cellular respiration?
Process in which cells use O2 to generate energy
What are the two main zones of the respiratory system?
1. Conductive zone: Transports air from outside the body to the lungs.
(mouth,nose,bronchioles,larynx)
2.Respiratory zone: Gas exchange occurs between the air and the blood.
(bronchioles,alveolar ducts,sacs)
What is ventilation?
Is a combination of respiration and expiration.
What is inspiration?
Active process that requiring the contraction of respiratory muscles in which air is taken
in.
What is expiration?
Active or passive process in which air is expelled.
Control of Ventilation
Breathing results from the contraction and relaxation of the respiratory muscles.
(controlled by the CNS)
All aspects of breathing are closely associated with the overall need of CO2, metabolic
processes, muscle activity, and production of C02.
Explain gas exchange
The average persons lungs have about 300 million alveolar sacs, each of which is
surrounding a web of capillaries: walls of capillaries are one cell thick which provides a
very short distance for gases to diffuse.
What is diffusion?
Diffusion is the primary factor that mediates gas exchange both at the lungs and at the
tissues. Going from an area of high concentration to low concentration.
What is oxygen transport?
The process by which oxygen is absorbed in the lungs + carried to the peripheral
tissues.
What is CO2 transportation?
Process by which the Co2 in the blood is moved into the alveoli then exhaled from the
body.
What are Newton's Three Laws of Motion?
Inertia, acceleration, action -reaction
, Law of Inertia
Restates: Remains in a stationary position or continues to move at a constant velocity
unless an external force is exerted upon it.
inertia: property of matter that causes an object to resist any changes in motion.
Law of Acceleration
Newton's formula f=ma describes the relationship between the force acting on an object
F its mass m and its acceleration a.
different masses = different distances
Law of Action-Reaction
Every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. exerts force on another.
What is a force?
A push or a pull
what is an external Force?
external forces are forces that occur outside the body.
what is an internal Force?
internal forces are those that include muscle contractions.
what are two specific areas that are important in regulation and coordination of
the heart's electrical activity?
1. Sinoatrial node (SA node)
2. Atrioventricular node (AV node)
What is the sinoatrial node?
found in the right atrium where electrical signals leading to contraction are indicated.
what is the AV node?
the AV node transmits the electrical signal from Atria into the ventricles through the
ventricular septum. (bundle of this runs through the ventricular septum )
what is the ventricular septum?
it is tissue that separates the two ventricles
explain more about the SA node
The SA node will cause the heart to contract 70 to 80 beats per minute without any
input from the nervous system. However the SA node can be influenced by the
autonomic nervous system. Stimulation from the nervous system can result in an
increase or decrease in heart rate as well as in the force of contraction of the heart.
what is an electrocardiogram?
An instrument that allows you to measure the electrical activity of the heart. And ECG
provides a graphical representation of the electrical sequence of events that occurs with
each contraction of the heart.
what are cardiovascular Dynamics?
refers to how the functioning of the cardiovascular system adapts to meet the demands
placed on it.
What is cardiac output?
the volume of blood pumped out of the left ventricle in one minute (liters per minute).
what are two factors that contribute to cardiac output?
stroke volume and heart rate.
What is stroke volume?
the amount of blood that is ejected from the left ventricle in a single heartbeat (milliliters
per minute).
