PALS RED CROSS FINAL EXAM 2023- Verified Questions & Answers

A 2-year-old child arrives at the emergency department with the parents. The child is unresponsive, is not breathing and has no pulse. Two emergency department providers begin high-quality CPR. Which action(s) by the providers demonstrates high-quality CPR? - Compressing the chest about 2 inches Providing ventilations that last about 1 second each Giving 2 ventilations to every 15 compressions Allowing the chest to recoil fully after each compression A 2-year-old child is brought to the pediatric urgent care clinic by the parent who says that the child has had a barking cough for two days. During the rapid assessment of the child, the provider hears audible inspiratory stridor. Which common cause of partial upper airway obstruction in children would the provider most likely suspect? - Croup A 2-year-old child of unknown weight arrives at the emergency department in cardiac arrest. When preparing to administer medications, which action would be appropriate for the team to take? - Estimate weight using a length-based resuscitation tape. A 4-year-old child is brought to the emergency department by the parents. Assessment reveals that the child has only gasping respirations and the pulse rate is 65 beats per minute. Which action would the provider initiate first? - Deliver 1 BVM ventilation every 2 to 3 seconds. A 4-year-old child suddenly collapses in the playroom of the facility. A healthcare provider observes the event and hurries over to assess the child. The healthcare provider completes which assessment first? - Rapid assessment A 4-year-old patient presents with tachycardia, tachypnea, cold extremities and weak pulses. Assessment also reveals an enlarged liver and neck vein distension. The provider interprets these assessment findings as suggesting which type of shock? - Cardiogenic A 5-year-old child with a history of a chronic neuromuscular disease is experiencing respiratory distress. The child is breathing spontaneously and receiving supplemental oxygen. Which additional intervention is a critical component of airway management for this patient? - Airway clearance (e.g., suctioning) A 6-year-old child is brought to the emergency department. The child has been experiencing extremely watery stools over the past several days. After completing the assessment, the healthcare provider suspects that the child may be experiencing shock. Which type of shock would the provider most likely suspect? - Hypovolemic A 6-year-old patient is brought to the emergency department after a bicycle accident. Assessment reveals chest pain on inspiration, diminished breath sounds on the right side, and respiratory distress. The provider suspects obstructive shock caused by what condition? - Tension pneumothorax A 7-year-old child collapses on the playground at school. The school nurse is called to the scene and determines that the child is unresponsive and is not breathing and has no pulse. The nurse initiates CPR. At what rate and depth would the nurse deliver compressions to this child? - 100 to 120 compressions per minute at a depth of about 2 inches A 7-year-old patient with septic shock has received three balanced/buffered crystalloid fluid boluses (60-mL/kg) and reassessment reveals capillary refill of 3 seconds, diminished pulses, narrow pulse pressure and cool, mottled extremities. The emergency response team interprets these findings as indicating which type of septic shock? - Fluid-refractory A 9-year-old child is brought to the emergency department because the child suddenly collapsed at school. The child's ECG reveals the following waveform, and primary assessment findings indicate that the child has inadequate perfusion. Which primary assessment findings indicate this? - Signs of shock Acutely altered mental status Hypotension A 9-year-old patient is presenting with diminished breath sounds, bradycardia, slowed respiratory rate and a low O2 saturation level. The provider interprets these findings as indicating which condition? - Respiratory failure A 10-year-old child has collapsed in the gym of the elementary school. The school nurse arrives and determines that the child is unresponsive. The school nurse then simultaneously checks for breathing and a central pulse, limiting this assessment to which time frame? - No more than 10 seconds A 12-year-old child being evaluated in the pediatric intensive care unit displays the following ECG waveform. The team interprets this as which arrhythmia? - Second- degree atrioventricular (AV) block, type I A 12-year-old is being treated in the urgent care clinic. The mother reports that the child came home from school yesterday with a high fever, vomiting and multiple episodes of watery diarrhea. The healthcare provider obtains a rhythm strip and notes the following waveform. The provider interprets this as which type of arrhythmia? - Sinus tachycardia A 15-year-old patient is being evaluated during a follow-up visit after being diagnosed with Lyme disease 2 months ago. A rhythm strip is obtained as shown below. The provider interprets this rhythm as indicating which arrhythmia? - First-degree atrioventricular (AV) block A 30-month old child has been diagnosed with moderate croup. Which medication(s) would the provider administer? - Nebulized epinephrine, Corticosteroids A child being cared for in the pediatric telemetry unit suddenly displays the following ECG waveform. The provider prepares to intervene because the child is demonstrating which type of arrhythmia? - Supraventricular tachycardia A child exhibiting a narrow-complex tachycardia with adequate perfusion is to receive adenosine. The provider would be alert for which result after administering this medication? - Transient asystole A child experiencing bradycardia with inadequate perfusion despite supporting oxygenation and ventilation is receiving compressions. Despite these efforts, the child's status remains unchanged. Which medication would the emergency response team expect to administer next? - Epinephrine A child in cardiac arrest experiences return of spontaneous circulation but is exhibiting signs of post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS). The PALS resuscitation team determines that the child is experiencing a systemic response to ischemia/reperfusion. The team bases this determination on which finding(s)? - Hypotension, fever , hyperglycemia A child in the pediatric intensive care unit displays the following ECG waveform. The child has no pulse. The resuscitation team interprets this as which arrhythmia? - Monomorphic pulseless ventricular tachycardia A child in the pediatric step-down unit is exhibiting signs of respiratory distress. When assessing this child, which circulation finding might be present? - Pallor A child is experiencing shock. The emergency response team prepares for imminent cardiac arrest when assessment reveals which finding(s)? - Bradycardia Diminished central pulses Hypotension A child is experiencing supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) with adequate perfusion and is to receive treatment. Which initial treatment would the provider administer? - Vagal maneuvers A healthcare provider is performing a primary assessment of a child in respiratory distress. The provider documents increased work of breathing when which findings are observed? - Nasal flaring Intercostal, substernal or suprasternal retractions Accessory muscle use A healthcare provider notices petechiae on the arms and legs while performing a rapid skin assessment of a child with a high fever and respiratory distress. Based on this assessment, which condition should the provider consider? - Life-threatening systemic infection A PALS resuscitation team is preparing to defibrillate a child experiencing cardiac arrest. For which rhythm(s) would this action be appropriate? - pVT, VF A provider is assessing a child with suspected shock. Which statement correctly describes hypotension and shock? - Hypotension is not a consistent feature of shock presentation in children. A provider is caring for a 4-year-old child in the urgent care clinic. Primary assessment reveals difficulty breathing and an oxygen saturation of 91%. The provider administers oxygen by nasal cannula with the goal of improving the child's oxygen saturation to what percentage range? - 94% to 99%