HIUS 221 WEEK 5 EXAM | LIBERTY UNIVERSITY

HIUS 221 WEEK 5 EXAM Which of the following motivated militant Native American groups to oppose the expansionist policies of the United States? Check all that apply. British attacks on American ships The Louisiana Purchase The Treaty of Fort Wayne The Battle of Tippecanoe Points: 1 / 1 Close Explanation Explanation: Some Native American groups had strong nativist beliefs, or opinions that favor the preservation of a given native group over a given immigrant group. Groups led by Shawnee brothers Tenskwatawa and Tecumseh and the militant Red Sticks actively opposed white settlement in the West, which was made possible by the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 and land sales made by accommodationist Native American leaders in the Mississippi region. In addition, the 1809 Treaty of Fort Wayne surrendered millions more acres of Native American land in the Indiana Territory to the United States. Also, the Battle of Tippecanoe of November 1811, wherein General William Henry Harrison burned the Shawnee village of Prophetstown, contributed to an increased appreciation for the British cause among the nativist Shawnee. Hence, many militant Native Americans allied with the British during the War of 1812 in the hopes of opposing future U.S. expansion. Which of the following conditions did not inspire some Washington officials to seek a declaration of war against Great Britain? The Order of Council placing restrictions on American cargo ships The British attack on Washington, D.C. The impressment of 6,000 American seamen Points: 0 / 1 Close Explanation Explanation: “War Hawks”—most notably congressmen Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun—desired to go to war with Great Britain under the banner of preserving the liberty that the Revolutionary generation fought for. Initially desirous of remaining neutral, President James Madison agreed with Clay and Calhoun by April 1812. Though Federalists did believe that the British violated the national sovereignty of the United States by impressing American seamen, restricting American trade with the rest of Europe via the British Order of Council, and attacking American cargo ships en route to France, they did not support going to war with Great Britain. The Federalists raised many concerns, arguing that the young republic lacked the financial and military resources to fight a war and fearing that the United States would foster an undesired alliance with Napoleon’s France. Federalists opposed attacking British strongholds in neighboring Canada, an action that the “War Hawks” promoted. Which of the following battles effectively ended the civil war between the Creeks? The Battle of Horseshoe Bend The Battle of Tippecanoe The Battle of New Orleans Points: 1 / 1 Close Explanation Explanation: A civil war between factions of Creek Indians raged concurrently with the War of 1812 as the nativist Red Sticks battled accommodationist Creek leaders who satisfied the seemingly endless Anglo-American demand for land. The Battle of Horseshoe Bend in March 1814 effectively ended this internal struggle as U.S. General Andrew Jackson led some 3,000 militia and Indian allies against 1,000 Red Sticks. Some 800 Red Sticks perished, and the remainder fled to Florida, where they allied with nativist Seminoles to continue their struggle, while the remaining Creeks ceded another 20 million acres of land to the United States in the wake of the battle. Indicate whether each of the following statements is true or false. Statement True False British troops under Sir Edward Pakenham scored a decisive victory at the Battle of New Orleans. Great Britain and the United States signed the Treaty of Ghent once both realized neither would emerge victorious in the war. British and American negotiators established the conditions in the Treaty of Ghent prior to the Battle of New Orleans. Points: 1 / 1 Close Explanation Explanation: Though both Great Britain and the United States could claim military victories in several battles that took place during the War of 1812, neither country felt it could win the war. Thus, British and American delegations met in the neutral city of Ghent in what is now Belgium in August 1814. The negotiations dragged on until late that year, when, on Christmas Eve 1814, the delegates announced the signing of the Treaty of Ghent. The treaty provided for a return to normal relations between Great Britain and the United States as they existed prior to the war. In addition, Britain dropped its territorial demands, and the United States discontinued its demands for the British to denounce impressment—a practice the British ceased before the war ended. Though British and American delegates signed the Treaty of Ghent on December 24, 1814, news of the agreement did not cross the Atlantic until February 1815. In the meantime, American and British troops engaged in battles along the southern Gulf Coast, first at Mobile, Alabama, and then at New Orleans. Under General Andrew Jackson, American troops, including 600 free African American volunteers, engaged with British general Sir Edward Pakenham’s troops on January 8, 1815. The Americans killed more than 2,000 British troops, including Pakenham and two other generals, in less than one hour. By comparison, Jackson lost only thirteen men. By mid-February 1815, Washington became aware of Jackson’s victory and the signing of the Treaty of Ghent, which restored peace between Great Britain and the United States. 6.7 An Expanding Nation Use the dropdown menus to complete