Case 1
Learning goals
What is a fat and what is a sugar?
A fat or a lipid is a substance unsolvable in water. Solid lipid is called a fat and liquid
fat is mostly called an oil.
Sugar is a carbohydrate, who acts as a storehouse of chemical energy. They are
often referred to as saccharide. Sugar has between 3 and 7 carbons. The most know
sugar is glucose, which has C6H12O6
Structure?
Lipids (triglycerides) glycerol + 3 fatty acids.
Fatty acids are divided in groups, number of double bounds (un-/saturated), cis-trans
structure. Melting point of cis fats is lower than trans fats, so they are healthier, easier
to digest.
Monosaccharides have hydroxyl and carbonyl groups in the same molecule. As a
result, they are five- and six-membered cyclic Hemiacetals.
The Haworth and the Fisher projection are manners to draw the different structures of
a sugar.
- In the Haworth projection we can identify whether the sugar is an Alpha or Beta
structure. In the Alpha the OH hydroxide is on the lower side of the structure. In
the Beta the OH hydroxide is on the upper side of the structure.
- In the Fisher projection we can identify the D- or L- structure. D-structure is when
the OH hydroxide is on the right side, L-structure is when the OH hydroxide is on
the left side of the structure
Different types?
There are saturated fats and unsaturated fats, the
difference is saturated fats only have single carbon-
carbon bonds, are solid at room temperature and
are mostly animal based, while unsaturated fats at
least have one double C-C bond in their chain, are
liquid at room temperature and are mostly plant
Learning goals
What is a fat and what is a sugar?
A fat or a lipid is a substance unsolvable in water. Solid lipid is called a fat and liquid
fat is mostly called an oil.
Sugar is a carbohydrate, who acts as a storehouse of chemical energy. They are
often referred to as saccharide. Sugar has between 3 and 7 carbons. The most know
sugar is glucose, which has C6H12O6
Structure?
Lipids (triglycerides) glycerol + 3 fatty acids.
Fatty acids are divided in groups, number of double bounds (un-/saturated), cis-trans
structure. Melting point of cis fats is lower than trans fats, so they are healthier, easier
to digest.
Monosaccharides have hydroxyl and carbonyl groups in the same molecule. As a
result, they are five- and six-membered cyclic Hemiacetals.
The Haworth and the Fisher projection are manners to draw the different structures of
a sugar.
- In the Haworth projection we can identify whether the sugar is an Alpha or Beta
structure. In the Alpha the OH hydroxide is on the lower side of the structure. In
the Beta the OH hydroxide is on the upper side of the structure.
- In the Fisher projection we can identify the D- or L- structure. D-structure is when
the OH hydroxide is on the right side, L-structure is when the OH hydroxide is on
the left side of the structure
Different types?
There are saturated fats and unsaturated fats, the
difference is saturated fats only have single carbon-
carbon bonds, are solid at room temperature and
are mostly animal based, while unsaturated fats at
least have one double C-C bond in their chain, are
liquid at room temperature and are mostly plant
