Test Bank For Pathophysiology 9th Edition
McCance| 39 Questions with Solved Answers|
Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
a.
Cells can produce proteins.
b.
Cells can secrete digestive enzymes.
c.
Cells can take in and use nutrients.
d.
Cells can synthesize fats. - -ANS: C
In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from
their surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of
cellular metabolic absorption.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 2
-2. Most of a cell's genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in the:
a.
Mitochondria
b.
Ribosome
c.
Nucleolus
d.
Lysosome - -ANS: C
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of RNA,
most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the histones, which
regulate its activity. The other options do not contain most of a cell's genetic
information.
,PTS: 1 REF: Page 2
-3. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen
to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
a.
Lysosomes
b.
Peroxisomes
c.
Ribosomes
d.
Oxyhydrosomes - -ANS: B
Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to
remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces
H2O2, which is a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or
escapes from peroxisomes. Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins)
that are synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in
the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore complexes. Lysosomes are saclike structures
that originate from the Golgi complex and contain more than 40 digestive enzymes
called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and
carbohydrates. Oxyhydrosomes are involved in enzyme production.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 8
-4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during
cell injury?
a. Ribosome
b. Golgi complex
c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
d. Lysosomes - -ANS: D
The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful digestive
enzymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their leakage into the
cytoplasmic matrix. Disruption of the membrane by various treatments or cellular injury
, leads to a release of the lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with their specific
substrates, causing cellular self-digestion. The other options do not correctly describe
this process.
PTS: 1 REF: Pages 7-8
-7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting
as receptors, transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps?
a.
Lipids
b.
Proteases
c.
Proteins
d.
Carbohydrates - -ANS: C
Proteins act as (1) recognition and binding units (receptors) for substances moving in
and out of the cell; (2) pores or transport channels for various electrically charged
particles called ions or electrolytes and specific carriers for amino acids and
monosaccharides; and (3) specific enzymes that drive active pumps that promote the
concentration of certain ions, particularly potassium (K+), within the cell while keeping
concentrations of other ions, for example, sodium (Na+), below the concentrations
found in the extracellular environment. The other options do not correctly describe this
process.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 13 | Page 15
-8. Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades, such as caspase-mediated
apoptosis and complement cascades, may be useful in designing drug therapy for which
human diseases?
a.
Cardiac and vascular disorders
b.
Autoimmune and malignant disorders
c.
Gastrointestinal and renal disorders
d.
Endocrine and gastrointestinal disorders - -ANS: B
Understanding the various steps involved in this process is crucial for designing drug
interventions. Dysregulation of proteases features prominently in many human
McCance| 39 Questions with Solved Answers|
Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
a.
Cells can produce proteins.
b.
Cells can secrete digestive enzymes.
c.
Cells can take in and use nutrients.
d.
Cells can synthesize fats. - -ANS: C
In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from
their surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of
cellular metabolic absorption.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 2
-2. Most of a cell's genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in the:
a.
Mitochondria
b.
Ribosome
c.
Nucleolus
d.
Lysosome - -ANS: C
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of RNA,
most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the histones, which
regulate its activity. The other options do not contain most of a cell's genetic
information.
,PTS: 1 REF: Page 2
-3. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen
to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
a.
Lysosomes
b.
Peroxisomes
c.
Ribosomes
d.
Oxyhydrosomes - -ANS: B
Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to
remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces
H2O2, which is a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or
escapes from peroxisomes. Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins)
that are synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in
the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore complexes. Lysosomes are saclike structures
that originate from the Golgi complex and contain more than 40 digestive enzymes
called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and
carbohydrates. Oxyhydrosomes are involved in enzyme production.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 8
-4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during
cell injury?
a. Ribosome
b. Golgi complex
c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
d. Lysosomes - -ANS: D
The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful digestive
enzymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their leakage into the
cytoplasmic matrix. Disruption of the membrane by various treatments or cellular injury
, leads to a release of the lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with their specific
substrates, causing cellular self-digestion. The other options do not correctly describe
this process.
PTS: 1 REF: Pages 7-8
-7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting
as receptors, transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps?
a.
Lipids
b.
Proteases
c.
Proteins
d.
Carbohydrates - -ANS: C
Proteins act as (1) recognition and binding units (receptors) for substances moving in
and out of the cell; (2) pores or transport channels for various electrically charged
particles called ions or electrolytes and specific carriers for amino acids and
monosaccharides; and (3) specific enzymes that drive active pumps that promote the
concentration of certain ions, particularly potassium (K+), within the cell while keeping
concentrations of other ions, for example, sodium (Na+), below the concentrations
found in the extracellular environment. The other options do not correctly describe this
process.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 13 | Page 15
-8. Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades, such as caspase-mediated
apoptosis and complement cascades, may be useful in designing drug therapy for which
human diseases?
a.
Cardiac and vascular disorders
b.
Autoimmune and malignant disorders
c.
Gastrointestinal and renal disorders
d.
Endocrine and gastrointestinal disorders - -ANS: B
Understanding the various steps involved in this process is crucial for designing drug
interventions. Dysregulation of proteases features prominently in many human
