NUR 1172 Nutritional Principles in Nursing Final Exam 1 (Questions and Answers Latest Graded A+)

NUR 1172 Nutritional Principles in Nursing Final Exam 1 (Questions and Answers Latest Graded A+) Describe carbohydrates role in metabolism.: Primary and preferred energy source (Glucose) 14. Glucose's role in metabolism?: Metabolized by the liver Responsible for hormonal control Insulin and Glucagon 15. Insulin: only hormone that can lower blood glucose 16. Glucagon: one of the hormones that can elevate blood glucose 17. What are some other ways to elevate blood glucose?: Steriods Epinephrine Thyroxine Somatostatin Growth Hormone 18. Protein's role in metabolism?: Balance between anabolism and catabolism 19. Lipids' role in metabolism?: Interrelated with glucose re: involve the same make-up (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen) GH, ACTH, TSH Cortisol Epinepherine & Norepinepherine Thyroxine Absorbed from small intestine and metabolized in liver 20. Name the accessory organs for digestion: Pancreas Liver Gallbladder 21. What are carbohydrates role in body?: Bodies preferred source of energy 22. What are carbohydrates composed of?: Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen 23. What is the RDA for carbohydrates?: 130 g/day 24. Monosaccharides: Glucose form in which carbohydrates circulate in the blood Fructose Galactose 2 / 7 25. Disaccharides: Sucrose Lactose Maltose 26. Polysaccharides: Complex carbohydrates Should be the major energy source 27. Digestible Polysaccharides: Starch resistant starch--whole grains, legumes, potatoes many health benefits similar to fiber 28. Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR): Carbohydrates - 45% to 65% of total calories Fat - 20% to 35% of total calories Protein - 10% to 35% of total calories 29. Fiber: Dietary Fiber - Non-digestible carbohydrate and lignin found intact in plant foods Functional Fiber - Non-digestible polysaccharides added to foods to increase the fiber content Adequate Intake (AI) - Based on amount expected to lower the risk of coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes 30. Health benefits of fiber: a. Increase fecal mass reduce constipation b. Slows rise in blood glucose and insulin levels therefore lowers cholesterol c. Aids in weight management 31. What are the roles of lipids?: Second of the energy yielding nutrients Primarily digested in the small intestine Energy dense and excess results in excess adipose tissue - Increases in body fat increase the risk of type 2 diabetes, hypertension & heart disease 32. Functions of food lipids: Provide energy - concentrated fuel source @ 9kcal/g Supply essential fatty acids Linoleic acid and a-linoleic acid only obtained through food body can't make 3 / 7 Support absorption of fat-soluble vitamins Add to food palatability Promote satiety (feeling full) 33. Function of body lipids: Storage source of energy Thermal insulation Protects body organs Transmission of nerve impulses Carrier of fat-soluble materials