7. Type 1 to 3 Zinc, ppm, Max. 19
8. Type I to 3 Tin, ppm, Max. 250
Lecture-27
• International food regulations and certifications
International Standards and Regulations: Quality of the food is major
concern worldwide now-a-days. So, each country has formulated its own
standards and created agencies for strict quality control measures of the
food products. Some of them are internationally accepted standards.
International standards may apply to a certain region of the world or any
trade between parties of different countries. Setting up of international
standard for the purpose of food safety depends upon the following
agreements.
• Agreement on Agriculture (AoA)
• Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary
Measures (SPS Agreement)
• Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT Agreement)
• International Health Regulation (2005)
List of main International standards and statutes:
• International Standards Organization (ISO)
• Codex Alimentaires Commission (CAC)
• World Health Organization (WHO)
• Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
• World Trade Organization (WTO)
• World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH)
• European Union (EU) Standards
• Food and Drugs Administration (FDA), USA
• International Plant Protection Organization (lPPO)
• Convention on Bio Diversity (CBD)
• International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for
Foods (lCMSF)
International Standards Organization (ISO): The product sell based on
the product quality as perceived by the customer is the major factor for
116
, sustained what makes a sales of a product. The method of quality control
consisted largely of physical inspection of the end product against the
product specification. However, technical specifications may not by
themselves guarantee, that a customer's requirements will be met, if there
happens to be any deficiency in the specifications or in the organizational
system, to design and produce the products, or service. Consequently,
this has led to the development of quality system standards and
guidelines that complement relevant product, or service, requirements
given in the technical specifications. It is the main criteria for a
management system, which will improve a company's performance. It is a
media for ensuring orderly and systematic maintenance and upkeep of
system. It is applicable to all type of organizations, independent of product
size and country and ensures consistent improvement of quality. The role
of ISO series is given in Table below.
The role of International Standards Organisation (ISO) series
ISO series Role of ISO
ISO 9000 – 1, 2, 3, 4 Quality management and quality assurance
ISO 9004 - 1 Quality management and quality system elements sub contractor
ISO 9004 – 2 Guidelines for services
ISO 9004 – 3 Guidelines for processed materials
ISO 9004 – 4 Guidelines for quality improvement
ISO 9004 – 5 Guidelines for project management
ISO 9004 – 6 Guidelines for quality plans
ISO 9004 – 7 Guidelines for configuration management
ISO 10011 – 1, 2, 3 Guidelines for auditing quality system
ISO 10012 – 1, 2 Quality assurance requirement for measuring equipment
ISO 10013 Guidelines for developing quality manual
ISO 10014 Guidelines for economic effect of quality
ISO 10015 Continuing education and training guidelines
ISO 22000 : 2005 Specifies requirements for a food safety management system where
an organisation in food chain needs to demonstrate its ability to
control food safety hazards in order to ensure that food is safe at the
time of human consumption.
Salient features of International Standards Organization (ISO):
• Most important international standards setting non-
governmental organization
• World federation of 123 countries national standards bodies
• Develops consensus based international standards
• Develops standard through 200 technical committees split into
650 sub-committees and 200 working groups
• All of its standards are voluntary in nature
• 1SO-9000 series is the general quality certification standard
• Presently, India has about 5000 ISO-9000 companies
117
, ISO 9000: A Quality System: Today consumer is not quantity oriented
but quality oriented instead. Hence, for consumer's satisfaction, the
manufacturers are focusing on quality products. The quality of particular
product is determined by the ISO, whose certification is of great
importance. A 'quality system' is a mechanism by which a company can
organize and manage its resources to achieve, sustain and improve
quality economically.
Evolution of ISO 9000: The first attempt to standardize quality was made
in the USA. It gave rise to MIL-Q 9858 (Masoneilan India Limited-Quality
9858), which is a quality system specification and MIL-I 45208, which is
an inspection system specification. These standards are involved in
American defence contracts. Based on these standards, three standards
were designed for the use of NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation)
called Allied Quality Assurance Publication (AQAP).
• AQAP 1 - Quality System Specification
• AQAP 2 - Inspection and Manufacturing
Specification.
• AQAP 3 - Inspection System Specification
In 1979, Britain adopted its first version of BS 5750 based on
AQAP, which can be used in contractual situations. Based on this
standard, a Technical Committee of the International Standard for
Organization (ISO), under the chairmanship of Canada, worked to
produce a series of international quality standards. This series comprises
ISO 9000, which embraces ISO 9001, ISO 9002, ISO 9003 and ISO 9000.
ISO 9001: Model for quality in design/ development, production,
installation and servicing. This standard specifies quality system
requirements for use when a contract between two parties is required.
ISO 9002: Model for quality assurance in production and installation. This
standard is applicable in situations where the specified requirements of
products are stated in terms of established design or specifications.
ISO 9003: Model for quality assurance in final inspection and testing this
standard is used for external quality assurance purposes. It is suitable for
two party contractual purposes, where conformance to specified
requirements is to be assured by the supplier solely at final inspection and
testing.
ISO 9004: This standard provides guidance on the technical,
administrative and human factors affecting the quality of products and
services at all stages of the quality loop from detection of need, to the
118
8. Type I to 3 Tin, ppm, Max. 250
Lecture-27
• International food regulations and certifications
International Standards and Regulations: Quality of the food is major
concern worldwide now-a-days. So, each country has formulated its own
standards and created agencies for strict quality control measures of the
food products. Some of them are internationally accepted standards.
International standards may apply to a certain region of the world or any
trade between parties of different countries. Setting up of international
standard for the purpose of food safety depends upon the following
agreements.
• Agreement on Agriculture (AoA)
• Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary
Measures (SPS Agreement)
• Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT Agreement)
• International Health Regulation (2005)
List of main International standards and statutes:
• International Standards Organization (ISO)
• Codex Alimentaires Commission (CAC)
• World Health Organization (WHO)
• Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
• World Trade Organization (WTO)
• World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH)
• European Union (EU) Standards
• Food and Drugs Administration (FDA), USA
• International Plant Protection Organization (lPPO)
• Convention on Bio Diversity (CBD)
• International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for
Foods (lCMSF)
International Standards Organization (ISO): The product sell based on
the product quality as perceived by the customer is the major factor for
116
, sustained what makes a sales of a product. The method of quality control
consisted largely of physical inspection of the end product against the
product specification. However, technical specifications may not by
themselves guarantee, that a customer's requirements will be met, if there
happens to be any deficiency in the specifications or in the organizational
system, to design and produce the products, or service. Consequently,
this has led to the development of quality system standards and
guidelines that complement relevant product, or service, requirements
given in the technical specifications. It is the main criteria for a
management system, which will improve a company's performance. It is a
media for ensuring orderly and systematic maintenance and upkeep of
system. It is applicable to all type of organizations, independent of product
size and country and ensures consistent improvement of quality. The role
of ISO series is given in Table below.
The role of International Standards Organisation (ISO) series
ISO series Role of ISO
ISO 9000 – 1, 2, 3, 4 Quality management and quality assurance
ISO 9004 - 1 Quality management and quality system elements sub contractor
ISO 9004 – 2 Guidelines for services
ISO 9004 – 3 Guidelines for processed materials
ISO 9004 – 4 Guidelines for quality improvement
ISO 9004 – 5 Guidelines for project management
ISO 9004 – 6 Guidelines for quality plans
ISO 9004 – 7 Guidelines for configuration management
ISO 10011 – 1, 2, 3 Guidelines for auditing quality system
ISO 10012 – 1, 2 Quality assurance requirement for measuring equipment
ISO 10013 Guidelines for developing quality manual
ISO 10014 Guidelines for economic effect of quality
ISO 10015 Continuing education and training guidelines
ISO 22000 : 2005 Specifies requirements for a food safety management system where
an organisation in food chain needs to demonstrate its ability to
control food safety hazards in order to ensure that food is safe at the
time of human consumption.
Salient features of International Standards Organization (ISO):
• Most important international standards setting non-
governmental organization
• World federation of 123 countries national standards bodies
• Develops consensus based international standards
• Develops standard through 200 technical committees split into
650 sub-committees and 200 working groups
• All of its standards are voluntary in nature
• 1SO-9000 series is the general quality certification standard
• Presently, India has about 5000 ISO-9000 companies
117
, ISO 9000: A Quality System: Today consumer is not quantity oriented
but quality oriented instead. Hence, for consumer's satisfaction, the
manufacturers are focusing on quality products. The quality of particular
product is determined by the ISO, whose certification is of great
importance. A 'quality system' is a mechanism by which a company can
organize and manage its resources to achieve, sustain and improve
quality economically.
Evolution of ISO 9000: The first attempt to standardize quality was made
in the USA. It gave rise to MIL-Q 9858 (Masoneilan India Limited-Quality
9858), which is a quality system specification and MIL-I 45208, which is
an inspection system specification. These standards are involved in
American defence contracts. Based on these standards, three standards
were designed for the use of NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation)
called Allied Quality Assurance Publication (AQAP).
• AQAP 1 - Quality System Specification
• AQAP 2 - Inspection and Manufacturing
Specification.
• AQAP 3 - Inspection System Specification
In 1979, Britain adopted its first version of BS 5750 based on
AQAP, which can be used in contractual situations. Based on this
standard, a Technical Committee of the International Standard for
Organization (ISO), under the chairmanship of Canada, worked to
produce a series of international quality standards. This series comprises
ISO 9000, which embraces ISO 9001, ISO 9002, ISO 9003 and ISO 9000.
ISO 9001: Model for quality in design/ development, production,
installation and servicing. This standard specifies quality system
requirements for use when a contract between two parties is required.
ISO 9002: Model for quality assurance in production and installation. This
standard is applicable in situations where the specified requirements of
products are stated in terms of established design or specifications.
ISO 9003: Model for quality assurance in final inspection and testing this
standard is used for external quality assurance purposes. It is suitable for
two party contractual purposes, where conformance to specified
requirements is to be assured by the supplier solely at final inspection and
testing.
ISO 9004: This standard provides guidance on the technical,
administrative and human factors affecting the quality of products and
services at all stages of the quality loop from detection of need, to the
118
