t!Jf_ln1't/911J: i~dCLrd tnthGlpy Chant!: fl[sftj LG"1 -at\ll Ht ss cycw:
Uothtrl'llC rtOC.tiORS• thetni ( o.l ,each"O;, ir1 ~entMl ! ahangQ:i vo.ry d..Q.pQ.ncting \-\US'S MI • to~1 energ~ cMng~ tora themico.1reacnon 1s incu.pend.9./1.t
Whl th Hit Q.l'lthCllplj Of prod\4tH ii lMCllltr on cond~s. so n ondo r ct condi ti ol'IJ Of tntrO·ut,~11,lhith tntreOCtlOfl \-61-i.SplatL, provitl.Qct 1-hL it111i0I and
are UHd to ·compare data . fino.1 col1dit011l are H,Hame .
m;.th1n~ 1 rt~Ultin9
_than emhalpy oi ·~
4 thQ St a ndard co nd iti"on J or e 10 0 .:.'P(I ••. in o c1o sed JYSHrYI , t ot f)I c,mo1.m-1 o; ent roy p~e Jenl if co 11 Ifan t .
1n hto.t IO\ I to 1urro1.1ndir19r. -ru~p .of 1urroun<1.in9s and 1,Q !i'K (Ind '.IJ'Y\o l ctm·l if (OQ.)il 1.1Hd. ., no,~: sornttirnu thty wantyouto
intreo.iu. SljHtlYI rtleQ1in«:1 htQt energy to1urrcund1n9f.
~~\)(
A ---""-+ g 41-1 1 : .lln1. t- tirl3
.,~\'\0\/,ll IT IINDArtD COND ITIO N S j~dfYtttrauH ,,,,Hie
t,.} Y 2 ( -.; X so y -t Z. Gf41YHt
~lldott\U--,ic ruc.tf,nl" reot~on inw11i thH,e ll\ ''-lu.nit S JC.Jm oL·• ,H~ (;/t_; l
<Orr Ht tlHnt.n t.l - hord to
tnthalpy 01- produtrlilgrto.ttt ~han eMl10lpyOt
\tondGrd '"''u ! tnthol,V - chAftfl- - fffllllWCIII~ ro
J11Jt-dasomepo ~"''~01
reactants, lltot being ioK.11'1 from /'ff s111roundingL eg, Ali O3 I 31"1.9 2AL + @M90 llat~Ul\lt=O.nticlO(ltlA.li~
ll.l oS IO. n C2.'S Hanoa.rd st ate ond m os+
0\~2Herntnt341•..x""-
temp. Of ll,IHOUhdingl d.t.trl~HJ. (htlYliCO.l 3 X., y~:1,
HOl:11~ f-Gr/YI oused foro. ~ta nd ord tn t h nl p!J changt. \.
enrMIP i2J L " 60'lX'3 -1Ui~ -16'Ht~
s1:1nem <1.bsorbl htot ermqy trom11,1mundin9J.
'
e.9 . M9,~iJ1.1<19nwur<1 ·s srondurcl 1iOte . •,
9,v,n .....,_-lsrb '/ "': -1 ?. 0 6
z.--1soo 1,H
tJond tnthGIP\j= ~nHq~tl>ar,ge tC breolt i.MO " Of e.q . t'li<g) = ryctrogen·s •· Al+01tMj -z.• -11otc:rm<'1..-•
u (O'v'Clltr'lt l, ond ·in tl'lt qoHOU~ Hot-<, c!.Hs . ... • ., •
bon( dUucicah'111 tnthllP~ = <ner glj r<ll,u.irtd to
,t . q . to.rbon wc1.,1cl \,t grt1ph1tt . t ?' enthalP'J~9t If, ttftl-luOft•
breot o bond..
.StClndClc-d tntholll'l Of-tom"iution= tnt110.IP\I c + (i)l-1
+ \ 50 ~ c \-\ 0\-1 x.., yu.
,thongi wh~,l!, 10'\0l Of- O )1A10HClf\tl 1lCOIVI_P _1 oe'9 -n'-t '2 ' .2 3 _
urned il\'o"o'\fqqin , ..ur it«ndo.rcl ,ond111011.s. • 2a.;~- x z.J,-12.t. -<.66 v+ (-"!-16)
'I• -(166+1-16
7
tntli•IP'! (hcan,, (&llh H(rtactantJ)- H(1rcduOs) 10
•·\l · Crl4 <)1 • '20o t 9'l-4 COtl5) + -z.r12°t-~ ~tfProclutlHf combuition 'i =- -'l.~0 lc..lYY,OL· 1
IY\ltC.lUr~d Ot 1Q();c, l'c;\ v. n ct 2.Ci~K
'--', )1-0ndarcl CH
iQpteimt-~<1 o~ .6ii~z~r er t!ii2
aTHALP.
_ _....,,,.,..~;:--:...:;:~;"\ l!YlOI compiti-l!.llJ
b,trn~ct. .
ll!IY\lnll
~0.•1111-\f= v.rmol-1 C01t\-\10
L• d t"' ,...
llCthrah·on tnttgg= Minimum amou111 Of t11trq~
E
l ,?I c.Hf ..........__ .. , ..
n.ncillrd tnthlllf'J OftOnwlllfilf\"' enthOI~--,, ~gt !"ft_. T!l:_
.,.. tn r• e,nu,(reol to 'orttl.K
Chong l when 1.1\'104 of (1 compQU.l\cl is prc.cluu.d CII.\Jl.l'..,._ bOI\"' t.ntl'l-,.~" thl- ~r.l r "'
requ;rt d to Hart o reacho n b,:.i brtallmg bondJ ··~o." Hom,t-ltlt(Vlfl'ltiv.110,,!,flrQIIOO.fd condih'or,1. Ont. mOltsGt 0. spH.i~iedt~~e d~bonllinO qel.!!Ou)mGU.C,w,.L.,
l0ftltNll1\"1n lf-t11trgy: (nerqy II not Cr!OHd~ ~,,11 t l ~mrnt<. n u.v, lhJ. ndctrcl in t~-e-lP '-l chc 11g~ -- r~mtl't\bQ f' bond H ll'h(l l ple.l arL QIWCl-!/l 11.nd.Of-heirMl'c ; , -,a1 H-lve...
arct,mro4ed ir> thtmico.l r4a111"om. lh1h'ars1-trred . 0 f fc rmc1h·on o~ Q. :<.1 mat·• •bci\l\ ~ r UL\c..111.9 ) :; rndurr1mn1c ~ner g y r t q_v.irHl
be1wu.n 1urrcundifl Ql o.nd reattrn9 cliem1ral.S . to1-01 q· \J -~Hgl 1 ";:01<s) .'l +don'1 llO.\/t to ~Grmonti!Mu-r',il'J ,- - -4 on 1·s f'.Cllii\/'e .
- ·t2.S6 ,::rmdt-, 1-f,o (,l"'"a"~ me.cu. • b,:iJ 1-orm1n g ii , LU.. ut
enerq y Of whc1e. 1y!HIYI rmrnfnl conHant.
for .., . '""" """ '-"' . "'"' ""'"""'' "",wm•c '""'' "0 '
_, otfton " h-•... ----
pa rt,Clv.) r(lUSt COll 1cl.9 inc orrH,t oneh t o.n on
1, "".!I ,.,.11 b• c11ui<Utt,. """'"" ••\
,. : tictivo.-t\011 tn-HQV lOUlcl lH 1oohi9h ...
. .
rnt\'\UlPY tho.nge Of rQ..O.lh on I\ fOUl'ld 1,~·-
4 , "" ., " ''
-"> vJ/ enough Cl tri \1 Clt'\OY1 tnerg':j f(lte i~ too !IOI.'! o.rH = (bond rntholPY Of ftOlto.nt1)- £:(bond ent\'\UII'~ Of
~\-Ol,rQ.0 1<. f-OrtU l,Q..tVJ-UnthH\'l HO.tto.ntl clon'I (~O.tttogetner Mtt'.\htlt(Qlll.llO.Ml'l! rn,1,1i11a111ptti!llO\,t ' 1rodut+1'1
tri bro.o. k bond~ within rhel!'l reo.cto.111- l M o.y MO.ltl. other ro m p ~6H~, .... t 9111101.11 ,-..011t11lt1 - Li«i"lil1ions" a.v~re19e bond1ntl\alj1ieJ
. , ....... <ftthOI .. o, ......,....,. • "'"°"' "'"' ,----, S\. , '°"."''" 11,0") a ~,'.~ i• ='"'-'"'"" •s .,..;, N•• ~ -
A
4 ll Ch<M i n>I
.,
I""" · '°''" ct
bond! m "" b, bro<'" ,o j
I
n~ ,n;r o ve~-i- e i-ran r fef
ti ·· • "<
from
• "'" '°'"'' o,,o c,oC•d WI foe~•"'• OI 1~ol •f"'"'
o. nu.1tro.llloh·o11 reo.o,·011 u.ndJ..r nonaarcl tona1n·o ~
< a.c.~=•,,.,.,.o«•=•='
... =•<••~=••. ,...,,,._
bond «ntncllPJI •I- t-....,_ bon<l ,
!!J1!9g - '--~-=.:..::9~
·-r~l'IU9Y ·PIJll!l<
dla • ~ ~ --;--,--:,-:-;:-::-,= - = Meo11,mJ •""'•'11 !!!!!!9".l. ,,...--::----, ''""'"""""'"'
. i ace•~J" ,,nd
1
'"'"if"' "' "'"~
'(t
-"-'--"""-c____ _.!..- - _ _ , , / spec,pl h10.1-copocny Gfll!O.HI 4. \i iiMut req,uired. ,orlliH cl.iH_trHH • 10Utu.,lt,,; . I
J 9-'"--' h
rt otl anl~ -~-
l '1' q, -c. mCc'T- ch•"9' inHhlP, G~v>•H' . t ~t111p. oi one graNI 1
o.'-'
r
:._ - · - ~ ~....... 'f--....,l,.,-,,, o, 101unim'C. GfO.!l.lbHonU.b 1KU~in M111'A.\UrttO _,
lrvorHE:IZMIOl ;!)- ENi5o-\__ _ , PrOdUC.tl MOl!lg)ofwo.ttrinco lorimHtr \l _ tt11ix,f1>trm c
: ~i;;.----~ A
WJWYllC/ ~OfhOIP~
c~ang((r) ,. oHGluh·on In po1411qrtnt.
belUtr.
~0.Ul 4 .181 tO !Gilt
i9 o~w(lttr 11t e:111\\ll wrn\v.a.U\IWU
I
'-'~I b not 101t1ga1n1"' • I II w I •••
.,.. i s - v~ o l-l - chClnft'
mwurin9 htat ...:. t
,;'.>l.in1'l= rininll<. wt 'h
l en d'I'll'd.t I, q moI tS A',"''"
•hC2.CJ.t \OSS t
C.lflnCI 1 •
to s\l.TTOU.t'lcJ.ln_gs
11odu( t I i: ,~ott11 r.t!. 1) meantre temp. c~ang e Of\ re acn on w1n9 ~hermomtHr, 11AbltQM1 t riat pro 4Ut2<t 1tli1 • lnccmpu..t~ c.<>mbu.sr.- o>'
Q, ,___ _ _ _ _ _ ___, Q- • - - 1) ftltOll-tr! htat ch onge ~!f ent1,alp1j Ch 0119 t, • e.\lo.porCLn·o/\ "'f fu.t,l l'rOl'n
wt mult Know .. . .,.) .erilp.o~
b.) fl'l(lll 111 bH on c.i thatiJ h~OHd/cocl id
thonge wit·S~andord
'Mll I<. condition!
ru,cnon pro9reJJ 1Qo_t'llon p«19ren ~.11Jr 11('"'l)°'1pec.,·fiC hHltCOp!lc,119 opllblltln<1/hl<lt-td/ (More.q,l,Lllh'on! li\C.i thi~ 11\ PM1l}
_COO l!tl,
Uothtrl'llC rtOC.tiORS• thetni ( o.l ,each"O;, ir1 ~entMl ! ahangQ:i vo.ry d..Q.pQ.ncting \-\US'S MI • to~1 energ~ cMng~ tora themico.1reacnon 1s incu.pend.9./1.t
Whl th Hit Q.l'lthCllplj Of prod\4tH ii lMCllltr on cond~s. so n ondo r ct condi ti ol'IJ Of tntrO·ut,~11,lhith tntreOCtlOfl \-61-i.SplatL, provitl.Qct 1-hL it111i0I and
are UHd to ·compare data . fino.1 col1dit011l are H,Hame .
m;.th1n~ 1 rt~Ultin9
_than emhalpy oi ·~
4 thQ St a ndard co nd iti"on J or e 10 0 .:.'P(I ••. in o c1o sed JYSHrYI , t ot f)I c,mo1.m-1 o; ent roy p~e Jenl if co 11 Ifan t .
1n hto.t IO\ I to 1urro1.1ndir19r. -ru~p .of 1urroun<1.in9s and 1,Q !i'K (Ind '.IJ'Y\o l ctm·l if (OQ.)il 1.1Hd. ., no,~: sornttirnu thty wantyouto
intreo.iu. SljHtlYI rtleQ1in«:1 htQt energy to1urrcund1n9f.
~~\)(
A ---""-+ g 41-1 1 : .lln1. t- tirl3
.,~\'\0\/,ll IT IINDArtD COND ITIO N S j~dfYtttrauH ,,,,Hie
t,.} Y 2 ( -.; X so y -t Z. Gf41YHt
~lldott\U--,ic ruc.tf,nl" reot~on inw11i thH,e ll\ ''-lu.nit S JC.Jm oL·• ,H~ (;/t_; l
<Orr Ht tlHnt.n t.l - hord to
tnthalpy 01- produtrlilgrto.ttt ~han eMl10lpyOt
\tondGrd '"''u ! tnthol,V - chAftfl- - fffllllWCIII~ ro
J11Jt-dasomepo ~"''~01
reactants, lltot being ioK.11'1 from /'ff s111roundingL eg, Ali O3 I 31"1.9 2AL + @M90 llat~Ul\lt=O.nticlO(ltlA.li~
ll.l oS IO. n C2.'S Hanoa.rd st ate ond m os+
0\~2Herntnt341•..x""-
temp. Of ll,IHOUhdingl d.t.trl~HJ. (htlYliCO.l 3 X., y~:1,
HOl:11~ f-Gr/YI oused foro. ~ta nd ord tn t h nl p!J changt. \.
enrMIP i2J L " 60'lX'3 -1Ui~ -16'Ht~
s1:1nem <1.bsorbl htot ermqy trom11,1mundin9J.
'
e.9 . M9,~iJ1.1<19nwur<1 ·s srondurcl 1iOte . •,
9,v,n .....,_-lsrb '/ "': -1 ?. 0 6
z.--1soo 1,H
tJond tnthGIP\j= ~nHq~tl>ar,ge tC breolt i.MO " Of e.q . t'li<g) = ryctrogen·s •· Al+01tMj -z.• -11otc:rm<'1..-•
u (O'v'Clltr'lt l, ond ·in tl'lt qoHOU~ Hot-<, c!.Hs . ... • ., •
bon( dUucicah'111 tnthllP~ = <ner glj r<ll,u.irtd to
,t . q . to.rbon wc1.,1cl \,t grt1ph1tt . t ?' enthalP'J~9t If, ttftl-luOft•
breot o bond..
.StClndClc-d tntholll'l Of-tom"iution= tnt110.IP\I c + (i)l-1
+ \ 50 ~ c \-\ 0\-1 x.., yu.
,thongi wh~,l!, 10'\0l Of- O )1A10HClf\tl 1lCOIVI_P _1 oe'9 -n'-t '2 ' .2 3 _
urned il\'o"o'\fqqin , ..ur it«ndo.rcl ,ond111011.s. • 2a.;~- x z.J,-12.t. -<.66 v+ (-"!-16)
'I• -(166+1-16
7
tntli•IP'! (hcan,, (&llh H(rtactantJ)- H(1rcduOs) 10
•·\l · Crl4 <)1 • '20o t 9'l-4 COtl5) + -z.r12°t-~ ~tfProclutlHf combuition 'i =- -'l.~0 lc..lYY,OL· 1
IY\ltC.lUr~d Ot 1Q();c, l'c;\ v. n ct 2.Ci~K
'--', )1-0ndarcl CH
iQpteimt-~<1 o~ .6ii~z~r er t!ii2
aTHALP.
_ _....,,,.,..~;:--:...:;:~;"\ l!YlOI compiti-l!.llJ
b,trn~ct. .
ll!IY\lnll
~0.•1111-\f= v.rmol-1 C01t\-\10
L• d t"' ,...
llCthrah·on tnttgg= Minimum amou111 Of t11trq~
E
l ,?I c.Hf ..........__ .. , ..
n.ncillrd tnthlllf'J OftOnwlllfilf\"' enthOI~--,, ~gt !"ft_. T!l:_
.,.. tn r• e,nu,(reol to 'orttl.K
Chong l when 1.1\'104 of (1 compQU.l\cl is prc.cluu.d CII.\Jl.l'..,._ bOI\"' t.ntl'l-,.~" thl- ~r.l r "'
requ;rt d to Hart o reacho n b,:.i brtallmg bondJ ··~o." Hom,t-ltlt(Vlfl'ltiv.110,,!,flrQIIOO.fd condih'or,1. Ont. mOltsGt 0. spH.i~iedt~~e d~bonllinO qel.!!Ou)mGU.C,w,.L.,
l0ftltNll1\"1n lf-t11trgy: (nerqy II not Cr!OHd~ ~,,11 t l ~mrnt<. n u.v, lhJ. ndctrcl in t~-e-lP '-l chc 11g~ -- r~mtl't\bQ f' bond H ll'h(l l ple.l arL QIWCl-!/l 11.nd.Of-heirMl'c ; , -,a1 H-lve...
arct,mro4ed ir> thtmico.l r4a111"om. lh1h'ars1-trred . 0 f fc rmc1h·on o~ Q. :<.1 mat·• •bci\l\ ~ r UL\c..111.9 ) :; rndurr1mn1c ~ner g y r t q_v.irHl
be1wu.n 1urrcundifl Ql o.nd reattrn9 cliem1ral.S . to1-01 q· \J -~Hgl 1 ";:01<s) .'l +don'1 llO.\/t to ~Grmonti!Mu-r',il'J ,- - -4 on 1·s f'.Cllii\/'e .
- ·t2.S6 ,::rmdt-, 1-f,o (,l"'"a"~ me.cu. • b,:iJ 1-orm1n g ii , LU.. ut
enerq y Of whc1e. 1y!HIYI rmrnfnl conHant.
for .., . '""" """ '-"' . "'"' ""'"""'' "",wm•c '""'' "0 '
_, otfton " h-•... ----
pa rt,Clv.) r(lUSt COll 1cl.9 inc orrH,t oneh t o.n on
1, "".!I ,.,.11 b• c11ui<Utt,. """'"" ••\
,. : tictivo.-t\011 tn-HQV lOUlcl lH 1oohi9h ...
. .
rnt\'\UlPY tho.nge Of rQ..O.lh on I\ fOUl'ld 1,~·-
4 , "" ., " ''
-"> vJ/ enough Cl tri \1 Clt'\OY1 tnerg':j f(lte i~ too !IOI.'! o.rH = (bond rntholPY Of ftOlto.nt1)- £:(bond ent\'\UII'~ Of
~\-Ol,rQ.0 1<. f-OrtU l,Q..tVJ-UnthH\'l HO.tto.ntl clon'I (~O.tttogetner Mtt'.\htlt(Qlll.llO.Ml'l! rn,1,1i11a111ptti!llO\,t ' 1rodut+1'1
tri bro.o. k bond~ within rhel!'l reo.cto.111- l M o.y MO.ltl. other ro m p ~6H~, .... t 9111101.11 ,-..011t11lt1 - Li«i"lil1ions" a.v~re19e bond1ntl\alj1ieJ
. , ....... <ftthOI .. o, ......,....,. • "'"°"' "'"' ,----, S\. , '°"."''" 11,0") a ~,'.~ i• ='"'-'"'"" •s .,..;, N•• ~ -
A
4 ll Ch<M i n>I
.,
I""" · '°''" ct
bond! m "" b, bro<'" ,o j
I
n~ ,n;r o ve~-i- e i-ran r fef
ti ·· • "<
from
• "'" '°'"'' o,,o c,oC•d WI foe~•"'• OI 1~ol •f"'"'
o. nu.1tro.llloh·o11 reo.o,·011 u.ndJ..r nonaarcl tona1n·o ~
< a.c.~=•,,.,.,.o«•=•='
... =•<••~=••. ,...,,,._
bond «ntncllPJI •I- t-....,_ bon<l ,
!!J1!9g - '--~-=.:..::9~
·-r~l'IU9Y ·PIJll!l<
dla • ~ ~ --;--,--:,-:-;:-::-,= - = Meo11,mJ •""'•'11 !!!!!!9".l. ,,...--::----, ''""'"""""'"'
. i ace•~J" ,,nd
1
'"'"if"' "' "'"~
'(t
-"-'--"""-c____ _.!..- - _ _ , , / spec,pl h10.1-copocny Gfll!O.HI 4. \i iiMut req,uired. ,orlliH cl.iH_trHH • 10Utu.,lt,,; . I
J 9-'"--' h
rt otl anl~ -~-
l '1' q, -c. mCc'T- ch•"9' inHhlP, G~v>•H' . t ~t111p. oi one graNI 1
o.'-'
r
:._ - · - ~ ~....... 'f--....,l,.,-,,, o, 101unim'C. GfO.!l.lbHonU.b 1KU~in M111'A.\UrttO _,
lrvorHE:IZMIOl ;!)- ENi5o-\__ _ , PrOdUC.tl MOl!lg)ofwo.ttrinco lorimHtr \l _ tt11ix,f1>trm c
: ~i;;.----~ A
WJWYllC/ ~OfhOIP~
c~ang((r) ,. oHGluh·on In po1411qrtnt.
belUtr.
~0.Ul 4 .181 tO !Gilt
i9 o~w(lttr 11t e:111\\ll wrn\v.a.U\IWU
I
'-'~I b not 101t1ga1n1"' • I II w I •••
.,.. i s - v~ o l-l - chClnft'
mwurin9 htat ...:. t
,;'.>l.in1'l= rininll<. wt 'h
l en d'I'll'd.t I, q moI tS A',"''"
•hC2.CJ.t \OSS t
C.lflnCI 1 •
to s\l.TTOU.t'lcJ.ln_gs
11odu( t I i: ,~ott11 r.t!. 1) meantre temp. c~ang e Of\ re acn on w1n9 ~hermomtHr, 11AbltQM1 t riat pro 4Ut2<t 1tli1 • lnccmpu..t~ c.<>mbu.sr.- o>'
Q, ,___ _ _ _ _ _ ___, Q- • - - 1) ftltOll-tr! htat ch onge ~!f ent1,alp1j Ch 0119 t, • e.\lo.porCLn·o/\ "'f fu.t,l l'rOl'n
wt mult Know .. . .,.) .erilp.o~
b.) fl'l(lll 111 bH on c.i thatiJ h~OHd/cocl id
thonge wit·S~andord
'Mll I<. condition!
ru,cnon pro9reJJ 1Qo_t'llon p«19ren ~.11Jr 11('"'l)°'1pec.,·fiC hHltCOp!lc,119 opllblltln<1/hl<lt-td/ (More.q,l,Lllh'on! li\C.i thi~ 11\ PM1l}
_COO l!tl,
