Infection ATI Notes
100% Rated
, Infection ATI Notes
Types of Organisms
• Bacteria shapes o Round: cocci o Rod: bacilli
• Cell wall surrounding bacteria o Gram-positive: thin
Staphylococcus, streptococcus,
diphtheria, listeria
o Gram-negative: thick
Neisseria meningitides, neisseria
gonorrhea, Escherichia coli, salmonella
Types of Organisms: Mycobacterium
• Waxy cell wall (hard to kill)
• Most common mycobacterium
• Tuberculosis
Types of Organisms: Viruses
• Invade cells of host
, (intracellular parasites)
• Reproduce inside cell
• Efforts to kill viruses tend to kill host cells
• New drugs target virus-specific process
• Antibiotics ineffective
Types of Organisms: Fungi
• Plant-like organisms
• Live in damp, dark places
• "Eat" dead tissue May infect through opportunistic opening in skin
• Common skin infections are: o Tinea pedis (athletes foot) o Tinea corporis (ringworm)
• Antibiotics ineffective
Types of Organisms: Parasites
• Live in blood cells, organs, structures
(intestines, vagina)
• Malaria: travels to liver o Proliferates, infects red blood cells
• Helminths: worms in intestines
• Trichomonas: reproductive tracts
, Types of Organisms: Aerobic and Anaerobic
Aerobic
• Require oxygen to survive
• Mouth, gastrointestinal tract, and lungs
• Staphylococcus aureus (skin infections) and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (lung disease)
Anaerobic
• Do not require oxygen to survive
• Produces abscesses and tissue necrosis
Clostridium perfringens (gangrene) and Actinomyces (abdominal/pelvic infections)
Types of Antibiotics
Bactericidal
o Kills bacteria directly
o Weaken cell wall (lysis)
o Bind to ribosomes, decrease protein synthesis o Interfere with enzymes
o Eventually destroys all bacteri
Bacteriostatic
o Kills bacteria indirectly
o Bind to ribosomes, decrease protein synthesis o Decrease number of bacteria
o Body’s immune system kills remaining bacteria
100% Rated
, Infection ATI Notes
Types of Organisms
• Bacteria shapes o Round: cocci o Rod: bacilli
• Cell wall surrounding bacteria o Gram-positive: thin
Staphylococcus, streptococcus,
diphtheria, listeria
o Gram-negative: thick
Neisseria meningitides, neisseria
gonorrhea, Escherichia coli, salmonella
Types of Organisms: Mycobacterium
• Waxy cell wall (hard to kill)
• Most common mycobacterium
• Tuberculosis
Types of Organisms: Viruses
• Invade cells of host
, (intracellular parasites)
• Reproduce inside cell
• Efforts to kill viruses tend to kill host cells
• New drugs target virus-specific process
• Antibiotics ineffective
Types of Organisms: Fungi
• Plant-like organisms
• Live in damp, dark places
• "Eat" dead tissue May infect through opportunistic opening in skin
• Common skin infections are: o Tinea pedis (athletes foot) o Tinea corporis (ringworm)
• Antibiotics ineffective
Types of Organisms: Parasites
• Live in blood cells, organs, structures
(intestines, vagina)
• Malaria: travels to liver o Proliferates, infects red blood cells
• Helminths: worms in intestines
• Trichomonas: reproductive tracts
, Types of Organisms: Aerobic and Anaerobic
Aerobic
• Require oxygen to survive
• Mouth, gastrointestinal tract, and lungs
• Staphylococcus aureus (skin infections) and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (lung disease)
Anaerobic
• Do not require oxygen to survive
• Produces abscesses and tissue necrosis
Clostridium perfringens (gangrene) and Actinomyces (abdominal/pelvic infections)
Types of Antibiotics
Bactericidal
o Kills bacteria directly
o Weaken cell wall (lysis)
o Bind to ribosomes, decrease protein synthesis o Interfere with enzymes
o Eventually destroys all bacteri
Bacteriostatic
o Kills bacteria indirectly
o Bind to ribosomes, decrease protein synthesis o Decrease number of bacteria
o Body’s immune system kills remaining bacteria
