Chapter 1
Human Rights Synonyms
Referred to as:
- fundamental rights - apply to all people everywhere
- basic rights - indivisible:
- inherent rights - no rights are more important than others
- natural rights - cannot be guaranteed some rights, while others are denied
- birth rights
Positive Rights:
- impose obligations on other people to do something for a fuller enjoyment of our rights
- requires positive interference to do something
- others cannot interfere with an individual’s freedom
example:
- right to health - right to work
- right to basic subsistence - right to standard of living
- right to education
Negative Rights:
- that entail non-interference from the society at large
- rights that forbids an action
- place a duty on others not to interfere with an individual’s freedom
example:
- right to life - right to freedom of religion
- right to liberty - right to privacy
- right to property - right to freedom of speech
Basic characteristics of human rights
Inalienable
- cannot be taken away or voluntarily given up
- cannot be separated from them
- not granted by government or societies
- cannot be traded, sold, or given away
- non-transferable, belongs to one person
Inherent
- belong to all human beings by virtue of humanity
- recognized as belongings to all people
- essential for survival, dignity, & well-being
- not dependent on any particular government, culture, or society
Indivisible
- interconnected, one cannot be violated
- protection of one right is dependent on the protect of all other rights
- are of equal importance & should be treated with the same level of priority
Fundamental
Universal
Interdependent
, Modern History
- The French Revolution is the most important political revolution in history & the first with a
declaration of the rights of man & citizen
- The American Revolution & declaration if independence contained legal rights for the people
WWI & WWII
- after the second world war, leaders gathered to work for peace & promote cooperation between
countries
UN
- founded in 1945
- committed all member states to promote universal respect for human rights
- human rights were internationally recognised in 1948
Classification of Human Rights
Civil Rights:
- deals with the standards of judiciary & penal systems
- right to citizenship, name, freedom from discrimination, equality, public trial, marry, & leave a
country
Political Rights:
- deals with specific components of participation in political powers
- right to vote, freedom of expression, free & periodic elections
The neglected half of human rights
Economic Rights:
- deals with the sphere of human beings working, producing, & servicing
- right to work, own property, adequate standard living
Social Rights:
- deals with the standard of living & quality of life for all people
- right to take part in cultural life, enjoy benefits for scientific progress
Cultural Rights:
- deals with the sphere of life including ethnic culture, subcultures, arts & sciences
Chapter 2 READ MOST OF IT
Human Rights in Islam
Right of life
- every person has the right to live & respect human life
- one who kills a human is as though he had killed all mankind
- will not smell the fragrance of paradise
Right of freedom
- shariah considers freedom to be a natural right of human beings
- no restrictions shall be made except in due process of law
- every person has the immutable right to freedom in all its forms
- shariah has forbidden slavery
No discrimination : shariah does not distinguish between two races,
two groups of people, or between two colours
Human Rights Synonyms
Referred to as:
- fundamental rights - apply to all people everywhere
- basic rights - indivisible:
- inherent rights - no rights are more important than others
- natural rights - cannot be guaranteed some rights, while others are denied
- birth rights
Positive Rights:
- impose obligations on other people to do something for a fuller enjoyment of our rights
- requires positive interference to do something
- others cannot interfere with an individual’s freedom
example:
- right to health - right to work
- right to basic subsistence - right to standard of living
- right to education
Negative Rights:
- that entail non-interference from the society at large
- rights that forbids an action
- place a duty on others not to interfere with an individual’s freedom
example:
- right to life - right to freedom of religion
- right to liberty - right to privacy
- right to property - right to freedom of speech
Basic characteristics of human rights
Inalienable
- cannot be taken away or voluntarily given up
- cannot be separated from them
- not granted by government or societies
- cannot be traded, sold, or given away
- non-transferable, belongs to one person
Inherent
- belong to all human beings by virtue of humanity
- recognized as belongings to all people
- essential for survival, dignity, & well-being
- not dependent on any particular government, culture, or society
Indivisible
- interconnected, one cannot be violated
- protection of one right is dependent on the protect of all other rights
- are of equal importance & should be treated with the same level of priority
Fundamental
Universal
Interdependent
, Modern History
- The French Revolution is the most important political revolution in history & the first with a
declaration of the rights of man & citizen
- The American Revolution & declaration if independence contained legal rights for the people
WWI & WWII
- after the second world war, leaders gathered to work for peace & promote cooperation between
countries
UN
- founded in 1945
- committed all member states to promote universal respect for human rights
- human rights were internationally recognised in 1948
Classification of Human Rights
Civil Rights:
- deals with the standards of judiciary & penal systems
- right to citizenship, name, freedom from discrimination, equality, public trial, marry, & leave a
country
Political Rights:
- deals with specific components of participation in political powers
- right to vote, freedom of expression, free & periodic elections
The neglected half of human rights
Economic Rights:
- deals with the sphere of human beings working, producing, & servicing
- right to work, own property, adequate standard living
Social Rights:
- deals with the standard of living & quality of life for all people
- right to take part in cultural life, enjoy benefits for scientific progress
Cultural Rights:
- deals with the sphere of life including ethnic culture, subcultures, arts & sciences
Chapter 2 READ MOST OF IT
Human Rights in Islam
Right of life
- every person has the right to live & respect human life
- one who kills a human is as though he had killed all mankind
- will not smell the fragrance of paradise
Right of freedom
- shariah considers freedom to be a natural right of human beings
- no restrictions shall be made except in due process of law
- every person has the immutable right to freedom in all its forms
- shariah has forbidden slavery
No discrimination : shariah does not distinguish between two races,
two groups of people, or between two colours
