Chapter 012. Talaro Foundations in Microbiology Quiz Test Bank 2023 Complete Solution 100% VERIFIED

Chapter 012. Talaro Foundations in Microbiology Quiz Test Bank 2023 Complete Solution 100% VERIFIED Normal/Resident Flora: correct answers Microorganisms that normally inhabit the body; microbes that we have mutualistic or commensalistic relationships with. Transients: correct answers Microorganisms that inhabit the body for short periods of time. When we wash our hands, we are washing off transients, some of which may be pathogenic. Pathogen: correct answers Infectious agent; disease-causing microbe. Infection: correct answers When pathogenic or opportunistic microbes penetrate host defenses, enter sterile tissues, and multiply. List the 4 steps that microorganisms take to cause infection: correct answers 1. Contact - microbes adhere to exposed body surfaces. When we use a paper towel to open a restroom door, for example, we are trying to prevent contact. Following contact, colonization of flora (step 2) may or may not occur. 2. Colonization of flora - following this step, invasion (step 3) may or may not occur. 3. Invasion - Microbes cross lines of defense and enter sterile tissues. Following invasion, infection (step 4) may or may not occur. 4. Infection - pathogenic microbes multiply in the tissues. Following infection, disease or death may occur, or the body's defenses hold the pathogen in check and the person gains immunity and repairs any damage. List some ways that a newborn is colonized with flora: correct answers Main point: Newborns are sterile in the uterus until the membranes are broken - from that moment on, throughout life, the newborn will acquire flora. Additional info: Everyone who comes into contact with the infant will contribute flora - most of this is good flora, but some (ex. cold sores/fever blisters) can be bad. Breast fed vs. bottle-fed infants will have different types of normal flora. Vaginally born infants will have different flora than C-section babies - C-section babies often do not acquire sufficient intestinal flora and have to be supplemented with a probiotic. Each time a new food is added to the infant's diet, the flora changes. A person's normal flora changes throughout life and can fluctuate depending on diet, medications, etc. Fill in the table below with some representative genera (plural for genus) that reside in these areas: correct answers Antibiotics correct answers Staph - Bactrim, Serious Vancomycin Goag neg staph (eye) Candida Lactobacillus (good bacteria) Escheria coli - Enterobacteria Neisseria Protozoa Haemophillis Aspergillus Penicillium Vancomycin - MRSA Polymyxin - severe UTI psudomonas a - applied topically Cipro - very broad macrolides erythro and tetra - treat ton of stuff chloramphenicol - very rarely used BROAD Erythmycin Rocky mountain spotted meningidis What are coliforms? correct answers Gram negative, lactose-fermenting bacteria living in the large intestine. Living in colon What areas of the body should be sterile? correct answers All internal tissues and organs and their fluids, including heart, lungs, kidneys, bladder, muscles, bones, middle and inner ear, internal eye, etc. and blood, cerebrospinal fluid, fluid in glands prior to being excreted/expressed, urine prior to being excreted (these fluids pick up normal flora on their way out), amniotic fluid surrounding embryo/fetus. True vs. opportunistic pathogens: correct answers True pathogens are capable of causing disease in healthy people. Opportunistic pathogens have to have an opportunity to cause disease. Opportunistic pathogens have to either get into a place where they are not normally found, or the person has to be compromised in some way (extremely young or old, recent surgery, other disease, taking immunosuppressive drugs, stress, genetic immune system defect or AIDS).