AST Practice Test Certification Exam 2022 with complete solution

AST Practice Test Certification Exam 2022 with complete solution which of the following structures is located in the alveolar processes? -Answer- teeth which of the following is the wound classification for a bronchoscopy? -Answer- cleancontaminated the enzyme used to soften the zonules of the lens before cataract surgery is: -Answeralpha-chymotrypsin how should the stretcher be oriented when necessary to use an elevator to transport a patient to the OR? -Answer- enter head first, exit feet first which of the following is a curved, transverse incision across the lower abdomen frequently used in gynecological surgery? -Answer- pfannenstiel when perforated metal trays are placed on the shelves of the steam sterilizing cart, they should be positioned: -Answer- flat hyperkalemia is a high concentration of: -Answer- potassium which of the following tissues are cut using curved mayo scissors? -Answer- fascia which laser beam can travel through clear tissues without heating them? -Answerargon permission for treatment given with full knowledge of the risks is a/an: -Answerinformed consent which portion of the stomach surrounds the lower esophageal sphincter? -Answercardia low level disinfectants kill most microbes, but do not destroy: -Answer- spores syndactyly refers to: -Answer- webbed fingers the surgical pack utilized to create the sterile field should be opened on the: -Answerbacktable the islets of Langerhans secrete: -Answer- insulin what type of procedure would involve the removal of teeth? -Answer- extractions which organism is a normal resident flora of the intestinal tract? -Answer- escherichia coli where should the first scrub surgical technologist stand when handing towels to the surgeon to square off an incision site? -Answer- same side as surgeon a properly performed surgical scrub renders the skin: -Answer- surgically clean through which of the following do the common bile duct and the pancreatic duct empty? -Answer- ampulla of vater which of the following identifiers must be verified by the patient or their ID bracelet prior to transporting a patient to the OR? -Answer- name, date of birth, physician what are spiral shaped bacteria called? -Answer- bacilli the primary function of the gallbladder is to: -Answer- store bile which of the following is a non-sterile member of the surgical team? -Answer- circulator which of the following is not a benefit of using surface-mounted sliding doors for access to the operating room? -Answer- aid in controlling temperature what are the three factors for reducing ionizing radiation exposure? -Answer- time, shielding, distance which is the first part of the small intestine? -Answer- duodenum what is the surgical position frequently used for patients undergoing kidney surgery? - Answer- lateral how are rickettsiae transmitted? -Answer- arthropod bites which of the following is an examination of the cervix using a binocular microscope? - Answer- colposcopy compression of the heart from excessive fluid or blood buildup is called: -Answertamponade which surgical team member determines when the patient can be transported from the OR to the PACU? -Answer- anesthesia provider which suffix means surgical puncture to remove fluid? -Answer- -centesis to which portion of the colon is the appendix attached? -Answer- cecum which laboratory test determines bacterial identification? -Answer- gram stain medication used to dilate the pupil is called: -Answer- mydriatics which of the following drapes is non-fenestrated? -Answer- u-drape under what circumstances would it be appropriate to remove a patients identification bracelet? -Answer- never until the patient is discharged from the facility what is the position most commonly used for mitral valve replacement? -Answer- supine which laser is best used during a virectomy? -Answer- argon which of the following monitors provides positive assurance of sterility? -Answerbiological the apron-like structure attached to the greater curvature of the stomach is the: - Answer- omentum which microbes live without oxygen? -Answer- anaerobes which of the following is an abnormal tract between two epithelium-lined surfaces that is open at both ends? -Answer- fistula what is the action of antagonist drugs? -Answer- counteract the action of another drug which of the following directional terms describes the type of skin prep of an entire extremity? -Answer- circumfrential what organs are excused if an ovarian tumor is malignant? -Answer- bilateral fallopian tubes and ovaries, uterus which term refers to an abnormal thoracic curve of the spine referred to as "hunchback"? -Answer- kyphosis what is the medical term for a bunion? -Answer- hallux valgus what incision is also known as lower oblique? -Answer- inguinal the small intestine attaches to the posterior abdominal wall by the: -Answer- mesentery what is the term for a relationship in which two organisms occupy the same area and one organism benefits while the other is unharmed? -Answer- commensalism a topical steroid used to reduce inflammation after eye surgery is: -Answer- depomedrol how is the surgical informed consent signed if an adult patient is illiterate? -Answerpatient marks with an "X" and witness verifies what direction should the stretcher be oriented when transporting a patient to the OR department? -Answer- feet first, side rails up which of the following routine preoperative laboratory studies would be ordered for premenopausal women with no history of hysterectomy? -Answer- HCG which portion of the surgical gown is considered non-sterile? -Answer- upper arms, neckline and axillary region what is the name of the urinary catheter with a small, curved tapered tip used on patients with urethral strictures? -Answer- coude what is the surgical position commonly used for thyroid and gallbladder surgery? - Answer- reverse trendelenburg a congenital defect in which the fetal blood vessel between the pulmonary artery and aorta does not close? -Answer- patent ductus arteriosus which of the following is a commonly used preservative for tissue specimens? -Answerformalin what is the first step taken for an incorrect sponge count? -Answer- notify surgeon the mumps may be diagnosed by finding inflammation in which of the following glands? -Answer- parotid what institutional document is completed when an adverse or unusual event takes place in the OR that may have legal consequences for the staff or patient? -Answer- incident report for which procedure would trendelenburg position provide optimal visualization? - Answer- hysterectomy which of the following is a nonadherent dressing? -Answer- adaptic which of the following is a fenestrated drape? -Answer- aperture which of the following terms describes a hernia that occurs within hesselbach's triangle? -Answer- direct which of the following incisions is oblique? -Answer- kocher which of the following dilators are used in the common duct? -Answer- bakes which of the following is a mechanical method of hemostasis? -Answer- ligature the organ that is connected by a duct to the duodenum is the: -Answer- pancreas a brain tumor causing alteration of muscle tone, voluntary muscle coordination, gait and balance would be located in the: -Answer- cerebellum what is the term for a relationship that benefits one organism at the expense of another? -Answer- parasitism what type of disease is characterized by rapid onset and a rapid recovery? -Answeracute which organelle is responsible for the production of energy? -Answer- mitochondria what type of anesthesia is a combination of inhalation and intravenous drugs? -Answerbalanced who is ultimately responsible for obtaining the surgical informed consent? -Answersurgeon what position is most commonly used for neurosurgical procedures? -Answer- supine the outer layer of the intestine is the: -Answer- serosa which of the following solutions should be used to prep the donor site for a splitthickness skin graft? -Answer- chlorhexidine what type of drape would be used for a flank procedure? -Answer- transverse where should the safety strap be placed on a patient who is in the supine position? - Answer- over the thighs which surgical procedure is performed to correct an abnormality in which the urethral meatus is situated on the superior aspect of the penis? -Answer- epispadias repair which thermal method of hemostasis utilizes intense, focused light? -Answer- laserq what is the most common cause of intracerebral hemorrhage? -Answer- hypertension the larynx is located between the: -Answer- pharynx and tachea the most common cause of retinal detachment is: -Answer- trauma what postoperative complication is associated with total hip arthroplasty? -Answerpulmonary embolism which of the following is a type of passive drain? -Answer- penrose the vocal cords are located in the: -Answer- larynx what type of acquired immunity is a vaccination? -Answer- artificial active when would the anesthesia provider request cricoid pressure? -Answer- endotracheal intubation which instrument would be used during a keratoplassty to remove the corea? -Answertrephine what is the required minimum number of individuals to transfer an incapacitated patient from the OR table to the stretcher? -Answer- 4 which of the following regulations states that blood and body fluids should be considered infectious? -Answer- standard precautions which of the following is a major source of distress for toddler and preschool age patients being transported to the operating room? -Answer- separation anxiety which structure has oral, nasa, and laryngeal divisions? -Answer- pharynx otoplasty is performed to correct a congenital deformity of which structure? -Answerear an injury patient sustains as a result of the care given by healthcare professionals is called: -Answer- iatrogenic the highly vascular layer of the eye that absorbs light rays ad nourishes the retina is the: -Answer- choroid according to maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following is the patient satisfying when he/she trusts the surgical team's abilities? -Answer- safety which aneurysm usually develops between the renal and iliac arteries? -Answerabdominal aortic the agent used to flush an artery to prevent clotting is: -Answer- heparin what is the next step for reattachment of a severed digit after debridement? -Answerbone-to-bone fixation what type of skin graft includes the epidermis and all of the dermis? -Answer- full thickness which muscle type is striated and voluntary? -Answer- skeletal which of the following terms refers to the absence of the external ear? -Answer- microtia what is the recommended maximum time for a tourniquet to remain inflated on an adult lower extremity? -Answer- 1.5 hours which organism causes gas gangrene? -Answer- clostridium perfringens chest rolls should span the distance bilaterally between which two anatomical structures? -Answer- acromioclavicular joint to iliac crest which ossicle of the middle ear covers the oval window? -Answer- stapes what is another name for the kraske position? -Answer- jackknife what type of sponge is tightly rolled cotton tape used by surgeons for blunt dissection? - Answer- kitner which of these instruments would be used during a keratoplasty? -Answer- cottingham punch a partially dislocated joint is called: -Answer- subluxation what condition is characterized by build-up of fatty deposits such as cholesterol? - Answer- atherosclerosis plaster rolls for casting should be submerged in which of the following? -Answerlukewarm water the avascular, clear portion of the eye covering the iris is the: -Answer- cornea how often should surgical masks be changed -Answer- after each case which term describes a rod-shaped microorganism? -Answer- bacillus when using the warm cycle of the EtO sterilizer, what is the minimum sterilization temperature in fahrenheit? -Answer- 85 which of the following actions would be a violation of aseptic technique? -Answerrepositioning penetrating towel clip which legal principal applies when the patient is given the wrong dose of the local anesthetic? -Answer- res ipsa loquitor the space between the vocal cords is called the: -Answer- glottis which bacteria could be found in a penetrating wound caused by a rusty nail? -Answerclostridium tetani which of the following retractors is used for spinal nerve roots? -Answer- love what is another name for the electrosurgical unit's patient return electrode? -Answergrounding pad what is the size of foley catheter commonly used for adults? -Answer- 16 Fr which of the following tumors is typically benign, encapsulated, and arises from tissue covering the central nervous system structures? -Answer- meningioma the fibrous white layer that gives the eye its shape is the: -Answer- sclera what is the term for thread-like appendages that provide bacteria with motion? -Answerflagella what surgical position provides optimal visualization of the lower abdomen or pelvis? - Answer- trendelenburg how many hours must an item submerse in glutoraldehyde to sterilize? -Answer- 10 when a patient's blood pressure is 135/81, 135 refers to: -Answer- systolic a term referring to a waxy secretion in the external ear canal is: -Answer- cerumen which of the following is an ossicle of the middle ear? -Answer- incus what is the term for the process of removing blood from an extremity prior to inflating the pneumatic tourniquet? -Answer- exsanguination which of the following may require probing and dilating in pediatric patients with upper respiratory infections? -Answer- nasolacrimal duct which surgical team member is responsible for setting up the sterile field? -Answersurgical technologist in what circumstances would cell-saver transfusion be contradicted? -Answer- cancer procedures use of an intraluminal (circular) stapler (EEA) would be indicated for which of the following surgical procedures? -Answer- sigmoidectomy satinsky, herrick, and mayo clamps may be specifically used on which of the following structures? -Answer- kidney pedicle the nasal cavity is divided into two portions by the: -Answer- septum which of the following is used by the surgeon to intermittently remove prostatic tissue fragments during a TURP? -Answer- ellik evacuator which type of hematoma is a result of a torn bridging meningeal veins? -Answersubdural in addition to temperature, time and moisture, what is the fourth factor that determines the outcome of the steam sterilization process? -Answer- pressure the bowie-dick test is performed: -Answer- daily the spiral, conical structure of the inner ear is the: -Answer- cochlea what is the name of the condition in which a loop of bowel herniates into the douglas's cul-de-sac? -Answer- enterocele which of these conditions is characterized by a fleshy encroachment of conjunctiva onto the cornea? -Answer- pterygium which procedure would be listed in the OR schedule for a patient undergoing surgical treatment of uterine fibroids? -Answer- myomectomy where is a baker's cyst located? -Answer- popliteal fossa which of the following is a method of high-level disinfection? -Answer- 2% glutaraldehyde for 20 minutes another name for the tympanic membrane is the: -Answer- eardrum what is the burn degree classification that involves the epidermis and subcutaneous tissue? -Answer- third which portion of the ear is affected by Meniere's syndrome? -Answer- inner the cartilaginous nasal septum is anterior to which bone? -Answer- vomer the most reliable method for determining the efficiency of moist heat sterilizers is the controlled use of biological indicators containing the organism: -Answer- baillus stearothermophilus which neurosurgical pathology would a myelogram diagnose? -Answer- spinal stenosis which of the following terms means a prolapsed bladder causing a bulge in the anterior vaginal wall? -Answer- cystocele how many hours must the steam sterilization biological indicator incubate? -Answer- 24 the nasal sinus located between the nose and the orbits is the: -Answer- ethmoid what is the definition of otosclerosis? -Answer- bony overgrowth of stapes which of the following terms describes a fracture in which the bone penetrates the skin? -Answer- compound for which of the following procedures would a McBurney incision be indicated? -Answerppendectomy what degrees celsius is the steam sterilization biological indicator incubated? -Answer55-60 what is the medical term for removal of the uterus? -Answer- hysterectomy which of the following methods removes small organic particles and soil from the box locks and ratchets of instruments? -Answer- ultrasonic washer what is the medical term for nosebleed -Answer- epistaxis what is the proper method for preparing a Frazier suction tip for steam sterilization? - Answer- distilled water in lumen which of the following is a telescoping of the intestines in neonates requiring immediate surgical intervention? -Answer- intussusception the minimum fahrenheit temperature for sterilization to occur in a prevacuum steam sterilizer is: -Answer- 270-276 what is the name of the procedure for the excision of the tunica vaginalis? -Answerhydrocelectomy what is the minimum number of minutes to sterilize unwrapped metal instruments with lumens in the gravity displacement sterilizer at 270° F? -Answer- 10 which of the following is a type of tissue forceps? -Answer- brown-adson which endoscope is used to visualize the heart ad major vessels? -Answer- angioscope the goal of the surgical scrub is to lower the population of which flora to an irreducible minimum? -Answer- resident which needle is used during the bladder suspension procedure for treating stress incontinence in women? -Answer- stamey which procedure can be performed without making an incision to treat varicose veins? - Answer- sclerotherapy when repairing a direct hernia, the surgeon works within the anatomical triangle formed by the inguinal ligament, inferior epigastric vessels and the lateral border of the rectus abdominis called: -Answer- hesselbach's whatis the correct postoperative sequence of actions completed by the surgical technologist -Answer- remove drapes, remove gown and gloves, assist with postoperative patient care, break down sterile field what should by completed before the sterile items are opened for the first procedure of the day? -Answer- wipe down furniture and surfaces cardiac muscles are controlled by which division of the nervous system? -Answersympathetic oophor/o is the root word for which anatomical structure? -Answer- ovary in which of the following would absorbable suture be contraindicated? -Answervascular anastomosis during a cesarean section, which organ is freed from the uterus to prevent injury? - Answer- bladder which of the following refers to the absence of pathogens? -Answer- aseptic which surgical procedure would use a sharp Curette? -Answer- D&C what must be done prior to positioning a patient undergoing posterior lumbar laminectomy? -Answer- endotracheal intubation name of instrument sometimes used during cesarean sections? -Answer- pennington which of the following damages the mastoid air cells and ossicles of the ear? -Answercholesteatoma when placing a swaged needle onto a holder, the needle should be clamped: -Answer1/3 distance from the swaged end of needle which endoscope is used for the removal of foreign bodies from the airway of a pediatric patient? -Answer- rigid bronchoscope which of the following elements primarily make up the body's mass? -Answer- oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen which instrument is used to contract the ribs for suturing purposes? -Answer- bailey the largest muscle of the upper calf is the: -Answer- tibialis what is the length of time when thrombin loses its potency? -Answer- 3 hours the function of the small intestine is: -Answer- absorption of nutrients the teeth are composed primarily of: -Answer- dentin the basis for the design of electrical equipment in the OR is: -Answer- electron theory which of the following procedures is performed to decrease gastric secretions? - Answer- vagotomy a patient who underwent an appendectomy enters the emergency department with severe abdominal pain, constipation and vomiting. which of the following is occurring? - Answer- obstructed bowel which organ shares the same blood supply with the pancreas and must be removed during a whipple procedure? -Answer- duodenum during a cleft palate procedure, which equipment should the surgical technologist be prepared to set up quickly? -Answer- drill the muscle that flexes and supinates the forearm and covers the anterior portion of the upper arm is the: -Answer- biceps brachi a surgeon tells a patient she has terminal cancer but requires prophylactic surgery to prevent a bowel obstruction and the patient replies, "this can't be happening to me." which stage of grief is the patient displaying?