ATI Pharmacology Review-Good One!!, Questions with accurate answers, Graded A. Latest Update

ATI Pharmacology Review-Good One!!, Questions with accurate answers, Graded A. Latest Update Cephalosporin - -broad spectrum -ceph/cefs -Similar to PCN/ don't give if PCN allergy -can cause bleeding w/ other bleeding meds monitor bleeding time (tonsil story) - Disulfiram reaction (puke & puke & puke) just like Flagyl, the protozoal drug - Store in fridge & take with food ALL antibiotics have these side effects - - allergy, hypersensitivity - suprainfection - organ (kidney & ear) toxicity - lowers OC effectiveness Vancomyocin - - serious infections like MRSA - colitis by c-diff - ototoxicity: get hearing test, tell dr. if hearing getting worse -given over 60 minutes Tetracyclines - - Sumycin, Doxycycline (Vibramycin) - broad, rocky mtn fever, lyme disease, acne, GI infections by H. Pylori - bad GI discomfort - Don't give to kids ≤8; teeth permanently yellow - Bad photosensitivity- wear sunscreen! - Can't take with milk, iron, or antacids - Take on empty stomach with a full glass of water When is Arythromycin given? What class of drugs is it? worse adverse effect? - When pt allergic to PCN and needs abx. Bacteriostatic inhibitor bad GI issues Aminoglycosides - ototoxicity, Renal toxicity, Can't take with PCN at all! - gentamicin, neomycin, streptomycin TMP-SMZ - -Contains Sulfa - use for UTI - Blood problems; get CBC baseline -photosensitivity wear sunscreen and glasses! - empty stomach with a full glass of water Isoniazid (INH) - -antiTB - take daily for 6-12 months and most likely with other meds too -worked if 3 neg. sputum cultures, no temp. - Liver toxicity (hepato) check liver fxn - Don't take with alcohol (liver fxn remember?) - Take on empty stomach Antiviral: Acyclovir, Ganciclovir - Teratogenic preg. X; put on rubber gloves if topical! remember my purple glove experience -thrombocytopenia, lowers WBC What class of drugs if Flagyl? What is the weird effect it has? - protozoal. works on C. diff & H. Pylori PUD. Antibuse effect if taken with alcohol Amphotericin B - anti-fungal. HIGHLY TOXIC - infusin rxns (fever and chills) - nephrotoxicity - hypokalemia - hepatoxicity - gynecomasita - C/I with aminoglycosides (just like PCN) -azole - Fungal ______ causes malignant hyperthermia. Use ____ to stop it - succinylcholine, Dantrium/Dantrolene. Morphine adverse effects - -Constipation -Resp depression -urinary retention -Sedation - Orthostatic HOTN - Cough suppression Morphine drug-drug interactions (think of what morphine does to the body) - - MAOIs -anticholinergics -CNS depressants -hypotensive drugs -opiod antagonists (narcan) - antihistamines Morphine patient education re how to take - Take with food for N/V, lie still will help Opiod withdrawl (stop abruptly is taking ≥6weeks). Is it life-threatening? Will it subside? - sweating, restless, agitated, dilated pupils, tremors, tachycardia, increased BP, N/V, cramps, muscle spasms with kicking movements. NO, subside in 7-10 days. Migraine medicine & can you take them right after each other? - vasoconstriction, ergot's and triptans. NO, space out ergot and triptan by at least 24 hours. What pain meds reduces fever? - ibuprofen, tylenol What pain med reduces platelet aggregation? - NSAIDS (aspirin), reduce thrombus but will bleed easier, too What pain med reduces fever but has NO anti-inflammatory effect and NO platelet effect? - tylenol What can give child Reye's syndrome if they have viral illness? - Aspirin NSAIDS education w/ how to take med. NSAIDS= - with food, milk, or full glass of water to reduce gastric discomfort. Ibuprofen, Celebrex, Naproxen, Aspirin acetaminophen max dose/day? - 4 grams When to withhold morphine/opiates - RR 12/min & notify Dr Triptans & pregnancy - Triptan= Teratogenic. Pregnancy X Rheumatoid Arthritis Drugs name potent toxic drug - DMARDs, 1st choice: methotrexate. Bone Marrow Suppression and Fetal Death Methotrexate: most concerned about... - bone marrow suppression; Baseline CBC and platelet counts, What are the s/s of circulatory overload? Seen if giving too much fluids - flush, SOB, cough, heart palpitations What type of diuretic is not effective in renal failure? - Thiazide - HCTZ Bumex is ___x more potent than lasix - 40 Thiazide diuretics are good for the ___ and perfect for the eldery __ with HTN - bones, woman Lasix drug-drug interaction: for manic depressive ppl it'll get to toxic levels in the body - Lithium will become toxic Signs of hypokalemia - weakness, dysrhymias, increased cardiac sensitivity of digoxin, ileus, Flat T wave Aspirin toxicity symptoms - Tinnitus, HA Glucocorticoids adverse effects - potent; suppress adrenal glad fxn, hyperglycemia, osteoporosis, if taken with NSAIDS, increase risk of GI ulcer, mask infection and suppress immune system Reo Pro (-mab) what is it for & adverse effects. What other use does Reo Pro have? - Immunosuppressant for RA, Lupus. toxic to bone marrow, acute pulm edema, infection risk, neoplasia risk. Antiplatelet action. Classic CNS depressant drug classes and what they're used for - Benzodiazepines, Barbituates. Anxiety. -lam & -pam are the endings for ________ - Benzodiazepines Benzodiazepine Lorazepam (ativan) increases the possibility of ______. - seizures Benzodiazepine antidote? - Romazicon 1/2 life of 1 hour Other anxiolytics: and what they're for - -Valproic Acid: anti-seizure, bi-polar - Phenergan: NV, anxiety, extrapyramidal effects Amitriptiyline (Elavil) drug drug interactions and how to take med - Anticholinergics b/c TCA already have anticholinergic effects - void prior to dosing & take at bedtime to sleep through fatigue side effect MAOI's ___ line of choice for depression b/c of the adverse effects with _____. If eat _____ will cause an _____ ______ - 2nd or 3rd, tyramine. Tyramine, hypertensive crisis MAOI adverse effects are related to stimulation of the _____ and include: - SNS, CNS stimulation, CV-hypertensive crisis, palpitations, Liver toxicity 1st drugs of choice for depression and are equally as effective as _ _ _ but don't see _____ & ____ - SSRI, TCA, hypotension and sedation SSRI drug examples: prototype and 2 popular drugs - Prozac, Celexa, Zoloft Atypical antidepressant _______ better use in elderly - Wellbutrin SSRI uses - depresssion OCD bulimia PTSD Panic attacks Social phobias PMDD What time of day to give SSRI - Give in the AM for optimal effects Lithium is used for - Bipolar Disorder Valproic Acid is used for - Anti-seizure Lithium and Diuretics - toxicity if taking diuretics Anti-depressants have ___________ effects - anticholinergic: dry mouth, constipation, lack of sweat, lack of voiding Antidepressants and anti-anxiety meds may take _ to __ weeks to take effect - 1-3 weeks all anti-depressants have _____ ______ effect and pt must have their __ monitored - orthostatic hypotension. BP If patient taking an antihypertensive and just got ordered MAOI, Nardil, Marplan, or Parnate, then... - monitor their BP and call the Dr if theres a significant drop and may need to reduce the anti-htn dosage Lithium and Triptans? Safe in pregnancy? - NO both lithium and triptans are teratogenic Therapeutic Levels of Lithium - 0.4-1.0 mEq/L. Take 2-3 times a day. Chemotherapy Agents, name as much as you can! - neosar (cyclophosphamide), methotrexate, doxorubicin, tamoxifen Cyclosporine is an _________ - immunosuppressive d