ATI RN Community Health Nursing Study Guide Latest Updated 2022

ATI RN Community Health Nursing Study Guide Latest Updated 2022 Systems thinking Correct Answer-Studies how an individual, or unit, interacts with other organizations or systems Upstream thinking Correct Answer-Is used to focus on interventions that promote health or prevent illness, as opposed to medical treatment models that focus on care after an individual becomes ill What provides the basis for care of the community and family? Correct Answer-nursing theories What are the community health nursing theories? (4) Correct Answer--Nightingale's Environmental Theory -Health Belief Model -Milio's framework for prevention -Pender's Health Promotion Model What theory emphasizes preventive care? Correct Answer-Nightingale's Environmental Nightingale's Environmental Theory Correct Answer--Highlights the relationship between an individual's environment and health -Depicts health as a continuum -Emphasizes preventive care Health Belief Model Correct Answer--Purpose is to predict health behaviors -Emphasizes change at the individual level -Assumes that the preventive health behaviors are taken primarily for the purpose of avoiding disease The health belief model describes the likelihood of taking an action to avoid disease based on: (4) Correct Answer--perceived susceptibility, seriousness, and threat of disease -modifying factors -cues to action -perceived benefits minus perceived barriers to taking action Which model is similar to the health belief, but does not consider health risk factor as a factor that promote change? Correct Answer-Pender's What theory COMPLEMENTS the health belief model? Correct Answer-Milio's framework for prevention Milio's Framework for Prevention Correct Answer--Emphasizes change at the community level -Identifies relationship between health deficits and availability of health-promoting resources Which theory theorizes that behavior change within a large group could ultimately lead to social change? Correct Answer-Milio's framework Pender's Health Promotion Model Correct Answer--Does not consider health risk as a factor that provokes change -Examines factors that affect individuals actions like: personal factors, feelings, benefits, barriers, attitudes of others, and abilities Determinants of Health Correct Answer-Factors that influence that client's health. -- nutrition, stress, education, environment, finances, and social status Health Indicators Correct Answer-Describe the health status of a *community* and serve as targets for the improvement of a community's health -- mortality rates, disease prevalence, levels of physical activity, obesity, tobacco, or other substance use Community Correct Answer--A group of people and institutions that share geographic, civic, and/or social parameters -The "community is the client" in community health nursing Goals of Community Health Nursing Correct Answer-Promote, preserve, and maintain the health of populations by the delivery of health services to individuals, families, and groups in order to influence "community health" What type of setting is care usually delivered in the community? Correct Answer-setting that is part of the clients environment --home, school, work Public Health Nursing Correct Answer--It is population-focused, and involves a combination of nursing knowledge along with social and public health sciences -GOAL: promote health and preventing disease PHN: Assessment Correct Answer--Using systematic methods to monitor the health of a population --Monitor health status to identify community health problems --Diagnose and investigate health problems/hazards in the community PHN: Policy Development Correct Answer-Developing laws and practices to promote the health of a population based on scientific evidence PHN: Assurance Correct Answer-Making sure adequate health care personnel and services are accessible, especially to those who might not normally have them Population-focused Nursing Correct Answer--Includes assessing to determine needs, intervening to protect and promote health, and preventing disease within a specific population Key Principles of PHN: Correct Answer--Emphasize primary prevention -Work to achieve the greatest good for the largest number of individuals -Recognize that the client is a partner in health -Use resources wisely to promote the best outcomes What are the principles that guide community health nursing? Correct Answer--ethics -advocacy -EBP -quality -professional collaboration and communication Ethics Correct Answer-Preventing harm, doing no harm, promoting good, respecting both individual and community rights, respecting autonomy and diversity, and providing confidentiality, competency, trustworthiness, and advocacy Advocacy Correct Answer-The nurse plays the role of informer, supporter, and mediator for the client Evidence-Based Practice Correct Answer--Involves using the best practices, expert opinion, and client preferences to change the delivery of client care -GOAL: improve client outcomes EBP: Data Correct Answer-The nurse should appraise data collected from research to measure whether bias was minimal (quality), the number of studies, participants, or strength of effect (quantity) and whether the results are repeatable (consistency) Quality Correct Answer-Quality assurance, improvement, and management are part of improvement of health care How is quality promoted? Correct Answer-through licensure, credentialing of HC providers, adherence to facility policies Total quality management (TQM) Correct Answer-Approach that seeks to improve quality and performance which meets or exceeds expectations Continuous quality improvement (CQI) Correct Answer-Approach to quality management that emphasizes the organization and its processes and systems and uses objective data to analyze and improve processes Community Health Education Correct Answer--Nurses regularly provide health education in order to promote, maintain, and restore the health of populations -Nurses must take in account the barriers that make learning difficult like: age, cultural beliefs, poor reading skills, and language barriers -Effective community health education requires planning Learning Theories: Behavioral Theory Correct Answer-Use of *reinforcement* methods to change learners' behavior Learning Theories: Cognitive Theory Correct Answer-Use of sensory input and repetition to *change* learners' *patterns of though*t, thereby changing behaviors Learning Theories: Critical Theory Correct Answer-Use of ongoing discussion and inquiry to increase learners' *depth of knowledge*, thereby changing thinking and behaviors Learning Theories: Developmental Theory Correct Answer-Use of techniques specific to learners' developmental stages to determine readiness to learn, and to impart knowledge Learning Theories: Humanistic Theory Correct Answer-Assists learners to grow by emphasizing emotions and relationships and believing that free choice will prompt actions that are in their own best interest Learning Theories: Social Learning Theory Correct Answer-Links information to beliefs and values to change or shift the learners' expectations Domains of Learning: Cognitive Correct Answer-Involves knowledge and the development of intellectual skills ex. pt describes relation of sodium intake and BP Domains of Learning: Affective Correct Answer-Involves a change in attitude and development of values ex. pt. accepts having colostomy and maintains self esteem Domains of Learning: Psychomotor Correct Answer-Involves the performance of a skill ex. insulin injection Development of a Community Health Education Plan (FDIE) Correct Answer--First, identify populationspecific learning needs -Design the educational program -Implement the educational program -Evaluate the achievement of learning objectives What readability level should educational materials be written? Correct Answer-5th to 6th grade Epidemiology Correct Answer-The study of health-related trends in populations for the purposes of disease prevention, health maintenance, and health protection Epidemiology Process Correct Answer-A systematic method of targeting a specific health need with the goal of improving health --Provides a broad understanding of the spread, transmission, and incidence of disease and injury Epidemiological Triangle Correct Answer--Epidemiology involves the study of the relationships among an agent, host, and environment -Their interaction determines the development and cessation of communicable diseases, as they form a web of causality, which increases or decreases the risk for disease -- Agent: the physical, infectious, or chemical factor that causes disease -- Host: the living being that an agent or the environment influences -- Environment: the setting or surrounding that sustains the host Epidemiological Calculations Correct Answer--Incidence rate: Number of new cases in the population at a specific time / population total -Prevalence rate: Number of existing cases in the population at a specific time / population total -Mortality rate: provide information about cause of death -- Crude mortality rate: overall death rates -- Cause-specific rate: death from specific cause -- Infant/age: specific to lifespan -Attack rate: Number of people exposed to a specifi