WATER TREATMENT
Water treatment
WATER TREATMENT
schemes
intake structure with treatment water reservoir water reservoir distribution area
raw water pumps plant with transport with distribution
pumps and transport pumps
Abstraction mains
Aeration
Physical-chemical treatment
Clear water reservoir
,water treatment schemes water treatment
Framework
This module represents a short introduction to treatment schemes used for the production of drinking
water.
Contents
This module has the following contents:
1. Introduction
2. Groundwater
2.1 Types of groundwater
2.2 Aerobic groundwater (phreatic)
2.3 Slightly anaerobic groundwater
2.4 Deep anaerobic groundwater
3. Riverbank groundwater
3.1 Types of riverland groundwater
3.2 Riverland groundwater
3.3 Riverbank filtrate
4. Surface water with direct treatment
4.1 Historical developments
4.2 Contemporary treatment
4.3 Future treatment
5. Surface water with infiltration
5.1 Surface water with open infiltration
5.2 Surface water with deep infiltration
5.3 Pre-treatment
5.4 Infiltration
5.5 Final treatment of infiltrated water
Study goals
After having studied this module, you will be able to:
• understand treatment schemes for groundwater and surface water
12
, water treatment water treatment schemes
1. Introduction In public water supply, five components may be
distinguished (Figure 1):
For personal hygiene and other domestic activi- - abstraction
ties (washing, cleaning, toilet flushing, etc.), it is - treatment
important to have sufficient water available. In - transport
addition, for consumption, water of good quality - storage
is essential. - distribution.
More than 99% of Dutch households receive their Raw water can be abstracted from groundwater
water via a public water supply. or surface water. For almost every type of water, a
This water is hygienically reliable, clear, good tast- corresponding treatment is necessary before it can
ing and of a pleasant temperature. The water is be supplied as drinking water. During transport,
distributed through piped networks under sufficient storage and distribution, the quality of the drinking
pressure for even the most remote houses. High water must not deteriorate below the established
quality drinking water is supplied into people’s standards.
homes at a very “low” price.
The Dutch water supply system is one of the best- The purpose of placing a low-lying, clear water
known systems in the world. reservoir after the treatment step is to adjust the
differences between the treatment plant and the
intake structure with treatment water reservoir water reservoir distribution area
raw water pumps plant with transport with distribution
pumps and transport pumps
mains
Figure 1 - Drinking water supply of a city
13
Water treatment
WATER TREATMENT
schemes
intake structure with treatment water reservoir water reservoir distribution area
raw water pumps plant with transport with distribution
pumps and transport pumps
Abstraction mains
Aeration
Physical-chemical treatment
Clear water reservoir
,water treatment schemes water treatment
Framework
This module represents a short introduction to treatment schemes used for the production of drinking
water.
Contents
This module has the following contents:
1. Introduction
2. Groundwater
2.1 Types of groundwater
2.2 Aerobic groundwater (phreatic)
2.3 Slightly anaerobic groundwater
2.4 Deep anaerobic groundwater
3. Riverbank groundwater
3.1 Types of riverland groundwater
3.2 Riverland groundwater
3.3 Riverbank filtrate
4. Surface water with direct treatment
4.1 Historical developments
4.2 Contemporary treatment
4.3 Future treatment
5. Surface water with infiltration
5.1 Surface water with open infiltration
5.2 Surface water with deep infiltration
5.3 Pre-treatment
5.4 Infiltration
5.5 Final treatment of infiltrated water
Study goals
After having studied this module, you will be able to:
• understand treatment schemes for groundwater and surface water
12
, water treatment water treatment schemes
1. Introduction In public water supply, five components may be
distinguished (Figure 1):
For personal hygiene and other domestic activi- - abstraction
ties (washing, cleaning, toilet flushing, etc.), it is - treatment
important to have sufficient water available. In - transport
addition, for consumption, water of good quality - storage
is essential. - distribution.
More than 99% of Dutch households receive their Raw water can be abstracted from groundwater
water via a public water supply. or surface water. For almost every type of water, a
This water is hygienically reliable, clear, good tast- corresponding treatment is necessary before it can
ing and of a pleasant temperature. The water is be supplied as drinking water. During transport,
distributed through piped networks under sufficient storage and distribution, the quality of the drinking
pressure for even the most remote houses. High water must not deteriorate below the established
quality drinking water is supplied into people’s standards.
homes at a very “low” price.
The Dutch water supply system is one of the best- The purpose of placing a low-lying, clear water
known systems in the world. reservoir after the treatment step is to adjust the
differences between the treatment plant and the
intake structure with treatment water reservoir water reservoir distribution area
raw water pumps plant with transport with distribution
pumps and transport pumps
mains
Figure 1 - Drinking water supply of a city
13
