Human Case Studies and English
Questions and Answers High Grade 2023
Rust belts - --In the USA, the Rust Belt means the NE region from the Great Lakes to the upper
Midwest States.
-Steel and automobile assembly industries which have deindustrialised.
-Runs east from New York state, through Pennsylvania, Ohio and Michigan, to north Indiana and
east Illinois and Wisconsin.
-The area's decline has resulted in disenchantment with conventional political solutions, and
support for Donald Trump which was crucial in his election win.
-Detroit; 38% poverty rate. Shortage of public sector workers, abandoned areas (70,000
abandoned by 2015). Average household income was $25,000 as opposed to $89,000 in Santa
Clara County.
-Abbey Mills Mosque - --Stratford
-2,500 person accommodation
-Proposed expansion to 70000m sq.
-Would have been the largest religious building in Britain
-Known as 'mega mosque'
-Online petition against with 250,000 signatures by 'the Christian population' claiming it would
cause 'violence and suffering'
-2012-planning application made
-Planned to be used by a conservative group
-Possible racist opposition
-One individual opposing had fake obituary made
-Co-Founder of the Muslim Parliament of Great Britain opposed as preferred integration.
-Plan for 9000 capacity rejected
-Near Olympic Park
-Concerns over local housing
-Land could accommodate 1100 homes
-Site unlawfully used for 2 decades
-HS2 (High Speed 2) - --a high speed railway to link London, Birmingham, E Midlands, Leeds,
Sheffield & Manchester
-Supporters: Conservative, Lib Dems & Labour Parties & Labour Mayors of Northern cities on
route.
-Opponents: UKIP, Green Party, residents along route objecting to non-stopping trains, noise,
construction, viaducts, compulsory purchases...
-Local and national regeneration impacts: Faster travel N-S, although this may benefit London
(more labour) more than the proposed "Northern Powerhouse".
-Environmental, economic and social benefits & concerns.
-Alternatives: upgrade existing slow lines.
,-Heathrow Airport Expansion - --Heathrow to get a third runway to guarantee it remains a trans-
Atlantic hub airport.
-Supporters: Business and aviation industry e.g. BA
-Opponents: Local MPs e.g. John Mc, Zac G, councils, local residents, environmental groups...
Role of government: decided in favour after Brexit vote to suggest UK/London "open for
business".
-Expected regeneration impacts: local, national, economic, social, environmental...
-Alternatives: "Boris Island" in Thames Estuary, expansion of Gatwick, UK high-speed rail
instead
-Why is London a successful place? - --(a) Globalisation: Hub city, large amount on in-
migration, people move to capital
-(b) Government policies to promote its competitive status:
-Rural growth sectors: home-working, micro-businesses, high-value niche food production,
leisure and tourism
-Counter-urbanisation to accessible rural areas
-Triggered by improved transport & telecomms
-Lake District National Park Authority - --2 main purposes:
-To conserve and enhance the natural beauty, wildlife and cultural heritage of the Lake District
-To promote opportunities for the understanding and employment of the special qualities of the
National Park.
-And a duty:
-To foster the economic and social well-being of local communities within the park.
-St John's Farm rebranding - --Camping house
-Holiday cottage
-Woodland conservation
-Furniture making
-Tea room
-Makes socks from wool
-Sells chicken, turkey, duck and goose eggs
-Grasmere - Rural Rebranding - --Exploits its Cultural Heritage
-Book shops - William Wordsworth, Beatrix Potter
-Gift Shops - W.W. & B.P, mugs, postcards with pictures of Lake District
-Gingerbread shop
-Hotel - Wordsworth Hotel
-Kendal mint
-Grasmere is a sustainable rebranding project:
People visiting are tourists and older people and the UK is an ageing population therefore the
number of old people will increase in Grasmere.
-Kept its cultural heritage.
-Suited to a wide range of tourists but mostly retired.
-It has created a honey pot area.
, -Cornwall - Eden Project - --Cornwall is rural and remote from main UK/international markets.
-Only 501,000 population and depopulating.
-Isolation has helped maintain its cultural identity.
-Attractive landscape but 2nd most deprived county
-Lowest earning levels in England.
-Deindustrialising traditional industries - abandoned buildings and run-down town centres (post
production countryside)
-Shortage of affordable housing - prices too high due to second home purchasers from London
etc.
E.g. of destination tourism.
-Built in an abandoned China Clay quarry.
-Opened 2001, cost £80 million.
-Expected 750,000 per year, gets 2 million.
-Over 500,000 plants in the two biomes.
-Promotes sustainable development.
-Employs 400 people all year, 90% live within 30kms.
-'Buy local policy' - helps local businesses. Catering is local.
-It extended Cornwall's tourist season -more visitors out of season.
-Est. 5,500 extra jobs, £177m retail turnover, -£81m extra income.
-Source of pollution (visitors use a car)
-Huge amounts of traffic
-Aided in the expansion of Newquay airport, and Rick Stein having a seafood restaurant in
Padstow
-Rural extremes - --(1) Commuter villages
-(2) Declining rural settlements.
-Proposal: 137 new homes at Top Farm, Navenby.
-Navenby's post office closed in 2011, even though Navenby's population is growing.
-Urban Renewal Case Study - Docklands, Reason for Renewel - --Three factors caused the
decline of Docklands:
-competition from other ports (e.g. Southampton)
-containerisation (the use of new "container" technology)
-cargo ships grew larger and couldn't sail so far up the Thames (needed deeper water, moved to
Tilbury).
-Effects; between 78 and 83, 12000 jobs lost. In 1981, in some areas of East London, 60% of
adult males were unemployed.
-Regeneration costs too high, unattractive to investors. By 1981, 40% of the land at Docklands
was derelict.
-Port operations were transferred to Tilbury. 1/3 of housing condemned.
-Inadequate infrastructure (partially to prevent theft)
-Urban Renewal Case Study - Docklands, Renewal technique - --London Docklands
Development Corporation (LDDC, 1981-1998) to attract businesses to invest in the area, by
Questions and Answers High Grade 2023
Rust belts - --In the USA, the Rust Belt means the NE region from the Great Lakes to the upper
Midwest States.
-Steel and automobile assembly industries which have deindustrialised.
-Runs east from New York state, through Pennsylvania, Ohio and Michigan, to north Indiana and
east Illinois and Wisconsin.
-The area's decline has resulted in disenchantment with conventional political solutions, and
support for Donald Trump which was crucial in his election win.
-Detroit; 38% poverty rate. Shortage of public sector workers, abandoned areas (70,000
abandoned by 2015). Average household income was $25,000 as opposed to $89,000 in Santa
Clara County.
-Abbey Mills Mosque - --Stratford
-2,500 person accommodation
-Proposed expansion to 70000m sq.
-Would have been the largest religious building in Britain
-Known as 'mega mosque'
-Online petition against with 250,000 signatures by 'the Christian population' claiming it would
cause 'violence and suffering'
-2012-planning application made
-Planned to be used by a conservative group
-Possible racist opposition
-One individual opposing had fake obituary made
-Co-Founder of the Muslim Parliament of Great Britain opposed as preferred integration.
-Plan for 9000 capacity rejected
-Near Olympic Park
-Concerns over local housing
-Land could accommodate 1100 homes
-Site unlawfully used for 2 decades
-HS2 (High Speed 2) - --a high speed railway to link London, Birmingham, E Midlands, Leeds,
Sheffield & Manchester
-Supporters: Conservative, Lib Dems & Labour Parties & Labour Mayors of Northern cities on
route.
-Opponents: UKIP, Green Party, residents along route objecting to non-stopping trains, noise,
construction, viaducts, compulsory purchases...
-Local and national regeneration impacts: Faster travel N-S, although this may benefit London
(more labour) more than the proposed "Northern Powerhouse".
-Environmental, economic and social benefits & concerns.
-Alternatives: upgrade existing slow lines.
,-Heathrow Airport Expansion - --Heathrow to get a third runway to guarantee it remains a trans-
Atlantic hub airport.
-Supporters: Business and aviation industry e.g. BA
-Opponents: Local MPs e.g. John Mc, Zac G, councils, local residents, environmental groups...
Role of government: decided in favour after Brexit vote to suggest UK/London "open for
business".
-Expected regeneration impacts: local, national, economic, social, environmental...
-Alternatives: "Boris Island" in Thames Estuary, expansion of Gatwick, UK high-speed rail
instead
-Why is London a successful place? - --(a) Globalisation: Hub city, large amount on in-
migration, people move to capital
-(b) Government policies to promote its competitive status:
-Rural growth sectors: home-working, micro-businesses, high-value niche food production,
leisure and tourism
-Counter-urbanisation to accessible rural areas
-Triggered by improved transport & telecomms
-Lake District National Park Authority - --2 main purposes:
-To conserve and enhance the natural beauty, wildlife and cultural heritage of the Lake District
-To promote opportunities for the understanding and employment of the special qualities of the
National Park.
-And a duty:
-To foster the economic and social well-being of local communities within the park.
-St John's Farm rebranding - --Camping house
-Holiday cottage
-Woodland conservation
-Furniture making
-Tea room
-Makes socks from wool
-Sells chicken, turkey, duck and goose eggs
-Grasmere - Rural Rebranding - --Exploits its Cultural Heritage
-Book shops - William Wordsworth, Beatrix Potter
-Gift Shops - W.W. & B.P, mugs, postcards with pictures of Lake District
-Gingerbread shop
-Hotel - Wordsworth Hotel
-Kendal mint
-Grasmere is a sustainable rebranding project:
People visiting are tourists and older people and the UK is an ageing population therefore the
number of old people will increase in Grasmere.
-Kept its cultural heritage.
-Suited to a wide range of tourists but mostly retired.
-It has created a honey pot area.
, -Cornwall - Eden Project - --Cornwall is rural and remote from main UK/international markets.
-Only 501,000 population and depopulating.
-Isolation has helped maintain its cultural identity.
-Attractive landscape but 2nd most deprived county
-Lowest earning levels in England.
-Deindustrialising traditional industries - abandoned buildings and run-down town centres (post
production countryside)
-Shortage of affordable housing - prices too high due to second home purchasers from London
etc.
E.g. of destination tourism.
-Built in an abandoned China Clay quarry.
-Opened 2001, cost £80 million.
-Expected 750,000 per year, gets 2 million.
-Over 500,000 plants in the two biomes.
-Promotes sustainable development.
-Employs 400 people all year, 90% live within 30kms.
-'Buy local policy' - helps local businesses. Catering is local.
-It extended Cornwall's tourist season -more visitors out of season.
-Est. 5,500 extra jobs, £177m retail turnover, -£81m extra income.
-Source of pollution (visitors use a car)
-Huge amounts of traffic
-Aided in the expansion of Newquay airport, and Rick Stein having a seafood restaurant in
Padstow
-Rural extremes - --(1) Commuter villages
-(2) Declining rural settlements.
-Proposal: 137 new homes at Top Farm, Navenby.
-Navenby's post office closed in 2011, even though Navenby's population is growing.
-Urban Renewal Case Study - Docklands, Reason for Renewel - --Three factors caused the
decline of Docklands:
-competition from other ports (e.g. Southampton)
-containerisation (the use of new "container" technology)
-cargo ships grew larger and couldn't sail so far up the Thames (needed deeper water, moved to
Tilbury).
-Effects; between 78 and 83, 12000 jobs lost. In 1981, in some areas of East London, 60% of
adult males were unemployed.
-Regeneration costs too high, unattractive to investors. By 1981, 40% of the land at Docklands
was derelict.
-Port operations were transferred to Tilbury. 1/3 of housing condemned.
-Inadequate infrastructure (partially to prevent theft)
-Urban Renewal Case Study - Docklands, Renewal technique - --London Docklands
Development Corporation (LDDC, 1981-1998) to attract businesses to invest in the area, by
