0
Index
What is C?....................................................................................................................................................1
Data Types in C............................................................................................................................................3
Loops In C:-..................................................................................................................................................6
Switch Case Control Statements In C:..........................................................................................................9
What is Function in C?...............................................................................................................................26
What is String?...........................................................................................................................................33
Array in C...................................................................................................................................................37
What is a Pointer?.....................................................................................................................................41
Pointer program........................................................................................................................................42
File Handling Basics....................................................................................................................................46
Questions...................................................................................................................................................57
C Memory Allocation.................................................................................................................................63
, 1
What is C?
C is one of the fastest programming language as it is close to low-level languages
such as Assembly language. If you are already familiar with programming, then
you must know the demand out there for a C programmer. Because C comes in
handy in case of all the applications that require fast processing, such as games,
or major parts of different operating systems.
If we look at the definition i.e. “ coding is the ability to write computer programs”.
The definition explains nothing at all, so I am going to explain you in simple words.
Coding is a way of communication with the computer. As we know that computer
is a dumb machine and it can not work properly until it is provided with
instructions. Instructions to the computer are provided using different languages
in order for it to do specific tasks.
We have different options i.e. languages through which we can communicate
through computer, some of which are low level, that are closer to computer’s
understanding i.e. Machine language or C and some are high level that required
more processing time in order to transfer the commands or instructions to
computer hardware i.e. Python.
Programming or coding is an act of telling the computer, what to do? Without it
computer is useless. Programming Languages makes it easier for us to
communicate to computer because they work as an intermediary language that
both computers and humans can understand.
Features of C Programming Language:
Procedural Language
Fast and Efficient
Modularity
Statically Type
General-Purpose Language
, 2
Rich set of built-in Operators
Libraries with rich Functions
Middle-Level Language
Portability
Easy to Extend
Procedural Language: In a procedural language like C step by step
predefined instructions are carried out. C program may contain more than one
function to perform a particular task. New people to programming will think that
this is the only way a particular programming language works. There are other
programming paradigms as well in the programming world. Most of the
commonly used paradigm is an object-oriented programming language.
Fast and Efficient: Newer languages like java, python offer more features
than c programming language but due to additional processing in these
languages, their performance rate gets down effectively. C programming language
as the been middle-level language provides programmers access to direct
manipulation with the computer hardware but higher-level languages do not
allow this. That’s one of the reasons C language is considered the first choice to
start learning programming languages. It’s fast because statically typed languages
are faster than dynamically typed languages.
Modularity: The concept of storing C programming language code in the form
of libraries for further future uses is known as modularity. This programming
language van does very little on its own most of its power is held by its libraries. C
language has its own library to solve common problems like in this we can use a
particular function by using a header file stored in its library.
Statically Type: C programming language is a statically typed language.
Meaning the type of variable is checked at the time of compilation but not at run
time. This means each time a programmer type a program they have to mention
the type of variables used.
, 3
General Purpose Language: From system programming to photo editing
software, the C programming language is used in various applications. Some of
the common applications where it’s used are as follows:
Operating systems: Windows, Linux, iOS, Android, OXS
Databases: PostgreSQL, Oracle, MySQL, MS SQL Server etc.
Rich set of built-in Operators: It is a diversified language with a rich set
of built-in operators which are used in writing complex or simplified C programs.
Libraries with rich Functions: Robust libraries and functions in C help
even a beginner coder to code with ease.
Middle-Level Language: As it is a middle-level language so it has the
combined form of both capabilities of assembly language and features of
the high-level language.
Portability: C language is lavishly portable as programs that are written in C
language can run and compile on any system with either none or small changes.
Easy to Extend: Programs written in C language can be extended means
when a program is already written in it then some more features and operations
can be added to it.
Data Types in C
As explained in the Variables chapter, a variable in C must be a specified data
type, and you must use a format specifier inside the printf() function to display it:
Datatype
It is the type of value which the variable holds.
Here, we will focus on the most basic ones:
Data Size Description Format
Index
What is C?....................................................................................................................................................1
Data Types in C............................................................................................................................................3
Loops In C:-..................................................................................................................................................6
Switch Case Control Statements In C:..........................................................................................................9
What is Function in C?...............................................................................................................................26
What is String?...........................................................................................................................................33
Array in C...................................................................................................................................................37
What is a Pointer?.....................................................................................................................................41
Pointer program........................................................................................................................................42
File Handling Basics....................................................................................................................................46
Questions...................................................................................................................................................57
C Memory Allocation.................................................................................................................................63
, 1
What is C?
C is one of the fastest programming language as it is close to low-level languages
such as Assembly language. If you are already familiar with programming, then
you must know the demand out there for a C programmer. Because C comes in
handy in case of all the applications that require fast processing, such as games,
or major parts of different operating systems.
If we look at the definition i.e. “ coding is the ability to write computer programs”.
The definition explains nothing at all, so I am going to explain you in simple words.
Coding is a way of communication with the computer. As we know that computer
is a dumb machine and it can not work properly until it is provided with
instructions. Instructions to the computer are provided using different languages
in order for it to do specific tasks.
We have different options i.e. languages through which we can communicate
through computer, some of which are low level, that are closer to computer’s
understanding i.e. Machine language or C and some are high level that required
more processing time in order to transfer the commands or instructions to
computer hardware i.e. Python.
Programming or coding is an act of telling the computer, what to do? Without it
computer is useless. Programming Languages makes it easier for us to
communicate to computer because they work as an intermediary language that
both computers and humans can understand.
Features of C Programming Language:
Procedural Language
Fast and Efficient
Modularity
Statically Type
General-Purpose Language
, 2
Rich set of built-in Operators
Libraries with rich Functions
Middle-Level Language
Portability
Easy to Extend
Procedural Language: In a procedural language like C step by step
predefined instructions are carried out. C program may contain more than one
function to perform a particular task. New people to programming will think that
this is the only way a particular programming language works. There are other
programming paradigms as well in the programming world. Most of the
commonly used paradigm is an object-oriented programming language.
Fast and Efficient: Newer languages like java, python offer more features
than c programming language but due to additional processing in these
languages, their performance rate gets down effectively. C programming language
as the been middle-level language provides programmers access to direct
manipulation with the computer hardware but higher-level languages do not
allow this. That’s one of the reasons C language is considered the first choice to
start learning programming languages. It’s fast because statically typed languages
are faster than dynamically typed languages.
Modularity: The concept of storing C programming language code in the form
of libraries for further future uses is known as modularity. This programming
language van does very little on its own most of its power is held by its libraries. C
language has its own library to solve common problems like in this we can use a
particular function by using a header file stored in its library.
Statically Type: C programming language is a statically typed language.
Meaning the type of variable is checked at the time of compilation but not at run
time. This means each time a programmer type a program they have to mention
the type of variables used.
, 3
General Purpose Language: From system programming to photo editing
software, the C programming language is used in various applications. Some of
the common applications where it’s used are as follows:
Operating systems: Windows, Linux, iOS, Android, OXS
Databases: PostgreSQL, Oracle, MySQL, MS SQL Server etc.
Rich set of built-in Operators: It is a diversified language with a rich set
of built-in operators which are used in writing complex or simplified C programs.
Libraries with rich Functions: Robust libraries and functions in C help
even a beginner coder to code with ease.
Middle-Level Language: As it is a middle-level language so it has the
combined form of both capabilities of assembly language and features of
the high-level language.
Portability: C language is lavishly portable as programs that are written in C
language can run and compile on any system with either none or small changes.
Easy to Extend: Programs written in C language can be extended means
when a program is already written in it then some more features and operations
can be added to it.
Data Types in C
As explained in the Variables chapter, a variable in C must be a specified data
type, and you must use a format specifier inside the printf() function to display it:
Datatype
It is the type of value which the variable holds.
Here, we will focus on the most basic ones:
Data Size Description Format
