Matrix
Key Periods in Educational History
Influence on
Historical Groups
Educational Goals Curriculum Agents Western
or Periods
Education
Transmitting Informal and
Elders, family
survival skills, practical knowledge Influence on
members, and
Primitive values, and traditions such as hunting, early childhood
community
to the next gathering, and tool- education
members
generation making
Cultivating well-
Liberal arts,
rounded citizens who
including grammar, Sophists, Influence on
could participate in
Greek logic, rhetoric, philosophers, and liberal arts
democracy and
music, math, and educators education
appreciate culture
astronomy
and knowledge
Producing virtuous
Influence on
and obedient citizens Teachers,
Latin language, law, legal education
Romans who could serve the philosophers, and
and military training and military
state and uphold government officials
education
moral values
Preserving and
transmitting religious
Islamic studies,
knowledge, Influence on
Arabic language,
advancing scientific scientific
mathematics, Scholars, teachers,
Arabic knowledge, and education and
astronomy, and translators
promoting language
medicine, and
intellectual and education
philosophy
cultural
achievements
Transmitting
Influence on
Christian faith and Theology, Latin
Catholic
values, preparing language, arithmetic, Monks, priests, and
Medieval education and
clergy, and geometry, music, scholars
liberal arts
cultivating chivalry and astronomy
education
and courtly love
Cultivating
humanism,
Classical languages, Influence on art
individualism, and Humanists, artists,
literature, art, education and
Renaissance critical thinking, scientists, and
philosophy, history, humanistic
promoting art and educators
math, and science education
science, and reviving
classical knowledge
Vernacular
Promoting religious language, Bible Influence on
reform, developing studies, vocational Protestant
Pastors, educators,
Reformation literacy, and training, and education and
and laypeople
fostering vocational practical skills such vocational
and practical skills as reading, writing, education
and arithmetic
Key Periods in Educational History
Influence on
Historical Groups
Educational Goals Curriculum Agents Western
or Periods
Education
Transmitting Informal and
Elders, family
survival skills, practical knowledge Influence on
members, and
Primitive values, and traditions such as hunting, early childhood
community
to the next gathering, and tool- education
members
generation making
Cultivating well-
Liberal arts,
rounded citizens who
including grammar, Sophists, Influence on
could participate in
Greek logic, rhetoric, philosophers, and liberal arts
democracy and
music, math, and educators education
appreciate culture
astronomy
and knowledge
Producing virtuous
Influence on
and obedient citizens Teachers,
Latin language, law, legal education
Romans who could serve the philosophers, and
and military training and military
state and uphold government officials
education
moral values
Preserving and
transmitting religious
Islamic studies,
knowledge, Influence on
Arabic language,
advancing scientific scientific
mathematics, Scholars, teachers,
Arabic knowledge, and education and
astronomy, and translators
promoting language
medicine, and
intellectual and education
philosophy
cultural
achievements
Transmitting
Influence on
Christian faith and Theology, Latin
Catholic
values, preparing language, arithmetic, Monks, priests, and
Medieval education and
clergy, and geometry, music, scholars
liberal arts
cultivating chivalry and astronomy
education
and courtly love
Cultivating
humanism,
Classical languages, Influence on art
individualism, and Humanists, artists,
literature, art, education and
Renaissance critical thinking, scientists, and
philosophy, history, humanistic
promoting art and educators
math, and science education
science, and reviving
classical knowledge
Vernacular
Promoting religious language, Bible Influence on
reform, developing studies, vocational Protestant
Pastors, educators,
Reformation literacy, and training, and education and
and laypeople
fostering vocational practical skills such vocational
and practical skills as reading, writing, education
and arithmetic
