WCHS Government Final Exam Review Latest 2023
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Government
The institution through which a society makes and enforces its public policies
Democracy
A political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect
people to represent them
Republic
A form of government in which the people elect representatives to govern them and
make laws. Generally, a Republic is a collection of states that exist under control of a
Federal Government.
When was the Magna Carta signed? What did it do?
1215- Limited the powers of King John the I
When was the Petition of Right signed? What did it do?
1628-Signed by Charles I, Stated that taxes could not be imposed without Parliament
consent
Stated that people must be arrested with charges made public.
When was the English Bill of Rights signed? What did it do?
1689-King William and Queen Mary accepted this document in 1689. It guaranteed
certain rights to English citizens and declared that elections for Parliament would
happen frequently. By accepting this document, they supported a limited monarchy, a
system in which they shared their power with Parliament and the people.
What were Locke's beliefs? What book did he write?
John Locke believed that all people were born with the Natural Rights of Life, Liberty,
and Property. Locke wrote the book Second Treatise of Government
What were Thomas Hobbes beliefs? What book did he write?
Hobbes created the notion of Social Contract Theory which states the government
receives its right to government from the people. Hobbes wrote the book the Leviathan.
What were Montesquieu's beliefs? What book did he write?
Montesquieu is famous for his theories of Separation of Powers. Montesquieu wrote the
book Spirit of the Law.
Who wrote the Declaration of Independence? What did it declare?
Thomas Jefferson- The Declaration of Independence declared the 13 American
Colonies free from the rule of King George the III.
What were the effects of the French and Indian Wars?
Following the conclusion of the French and Indian War, England began imposing new
taxes on the 13 American Colonies to help alleviate the war debts.
What was the major reason the American Colonist fought for their Independence
from Great Britain?
British taxed colonies heavily for revenue to pay for the French and Indian War "No
taxation without representation"-colonists resented being taxed without having a
representative in Parliament
Tax Acts including Stamp Act, Sugar Act, and Tea Act angered colonists Boston
, Massacre
Intolerable Acts(Coercive Acts)
Causes of the American Revolution
Articles of Confederation
A weak constitution that governed America during the Revolutionary War. Failed due to
its inability to raise taxes or an army. The events of Shay's Rebellion highlighted these
issues.
The Constitution
A document that embodies the fundamental laws and principles by which the United
States is governed. It was drafted by the Constitutional Convention and later
supplemented by the Bill of Rights and other amendments.
The Virginia Plan
"Large state" proposal by James Madison for the new Constitution, calling for
proportional representation in both houses of a bicameral Congress. The plan favored
larger states and thus prompted smaller states to come back with their own plan for
apportioning representation.
The New Jersey Plan
The proposal created by William Patterson of New Jersey at the Constitutional
Convention that called for equal representation of each state in Congress regardless of
the state's population.
The Connecticut Compromise (Great)
The compromise reached at the Constitutional Convention that established two houses
of Congress: the House of Representatives, in which representation is based on a
state's share of the U.S. population, and the Senate, in which each state has two
representatives. Created by Roger Sherman
Three-Fifths Compromise
Agreement that each slave counted as three-fifths of a person in determining
representation in the House for representation and taxation purposes (negated by the
13th amendment)
Federalists
Supporters of the U.S. Constitution at the time the states were contemplating its
adoption.
Anti-Federalists
Opponents of the American Constitution at the time when the states were contemplating
its adoption.
Federalist Papers
A collection of 85 articles written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison
under the name "Publius" to defend the Constitution in detail.
Why did the Articles of Confederation fail?
no executive, no strong central government, no judiciary, no power to tax, no authority
to regulate commerce, amending of the articles-unanimous vote of member states
What is the name of the Rebellion that broke out in Massachusetts that cause the
federal government to change the Articles of Confederation to the Constitution?
Shay's Rebellion
What was the arguments made by the Anti-Federalist against the Ratification of
the Constitution?
Verified
Government
The institution through which a society makes and enforces its public policies
Democracy
A political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect
people to represent them
Republic
A form of government in which the people elect representatives to govern them and
make laws. Generally, a Republic is a collection of states that exist under control of a
Federal Government.
When was the Magna Carta signed? What did it do?
1215- Limited the powers of King John the I
When was the Petition of Right signed? What did it do?
1628-Signed by Charles I, Stated that taxes could not be imposed without Parliament
consent
Stated that people must be arrested with charges made public.
When was the English Bill of Rights signed? What did it do?
1689-King William and Queen Mary accepted this document in 1689. It guaranteed
certain rights to English citizens and declared that elections for Parliament would
happen frequently. By accepting this document, they supported a limited monarchy, a
system in which they shared their power with Parliament and the people.
What were Locke's beliefs? What book did he write?
John Locke believed that all people were born with the Natural Rights of Life, Liberty,
and Property. Locke wrote the book Second Treatise of Government
What were Thomas Hobbes beliefs? What book did he write?
Hobbes created the notion of Social Contract Theory which states the government
receives its right to government from the people. Hobbes wrote the book the Leviathan.
What were Montesquieu's beliefs? What book did he write?
Montesquieu is famous for his theories of Separation of Powers. Montesquieu wrote the
book Spirit of the Law.
Who wrote the Declaration of Independence? What did it declare?
Thomas Jefferson- The Declaration of Independence declared the 13 American
Colonies free from the rule of King George the III.
What were the effects of the French and Indian Wars?
Following the conclusion of the French and Indian War, England began imposing new
taxes on the 13 American Colonies to help alleviate the war debts.
What was the major reason the American Colonist fought for their Independence
from Great Britain?
British taxed colonies heavily for revenue to pay for the French and Indian War "No
taxation without representation"-colonists resented being taxed without having a
representative in Parliament
Tax Acts including Stamp Act, Sugar Act, and Tea Act angered colonists Boston
, Massacre
Intolerable Acts(Coercive Acts)
Causes of the American Revolution
Articles of Confederation
A weak constitution that governed America during the Revolutionary War. Failed due to
its inability to raise taxes or an army. The events of Shay's Rebellion highlighted these
issues.
The Constitution
A document that embodies the fundamental laws and principles by which the United
States is governed. It was drafted by the Constitutional Convention and later
supplemented by the Bill of Rights and other amendments.
The Virginia Plan
"Large state" proposal by James Madison for the new Constitution, calling for
proportional representation in both houses of a bicameral Congress. The plan favored
larger states and thus prompted smaller states to come back with their own plan for
apportioning representation.
The New Jersey Plan
The proposal created by William Patterson of New Jersey at the Constitutional
Convention that called for equal representation of each state in Congress regardless of
the state's population.
The Connecticut Compromise (Great)
The compromise reached at the Constitutional Convention that established two houses
of Congress: the House of Representatives, in which representation is based on a
state's share of the U.S. population, and the Senate, in which each state has two
representatives. Created by Roger Sherman
Three-Fifths Compromise
Agreement that each slave counted as three-fifths of a person in determining
representation in the House for representation and taxation purposes (negated by the
13th amendment)
Federalists
Supporters of the U.S. Constitution at the time the states were contemplating its
adoption.
Anti-Federalists
Opponents of the American Constitution at the time when the states were contemplating
its adoption.
Federalist Papers
A collection of 85 articles written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison
under the name "Publius" to defend the Constitution in detail.
Why did the Articles of Confederation fail?
no executive, no strong central government, no judiciary, no power to tax, no authority
to regulate commerce, amending of the articles-unanimous vote of member states
What is the name of the Rebellion that broke out in Massachusetts that cause the
federal government to change the Articles of Confederation to the Constitution?
Shay's Rebellion
What was the arguments made by the Anti-Federalist against the Ratification of
the Constitution?
