Quiz no. 3 – CE 421
PRINCIPLE ODF STEEL DESIGN (LEC)
Alfred V. Matnog
BSCE-4A
QUIZ NO.3 CE421 – NOV.16,2021
1. DEFINE THE FF: 2 PTS. EACH
• TENSILE LOAD
▪ The tensile load is uniform along the length of a member. Since the net cross-
section is smallest at the bolted connection, the stress is highest in this location.
As the tensile load on member is increased, the steel adjacent to the bolt hole
yields first. Since the bolt holes represent a small segment of the overall length
of the member, the elongation due to the yielding adjacent to the bolt holes is
negligible.
• CRITICAL SECTION
▪ When a member is subjected to tensile force, the member will fail at the critical
section if tension governs. This critical section is the path across the section that
produces the minimum area.
• NET AREA (An)
▪ The reduce cross sectional area due to the presence of bolt holes. The net area
of a member is the sum of the products of thickness and the net width of each
element computed. In computing net are for tension and shear, the width of a
bolt hole shall be taken 2mm greater than the nominal dimension of the hole.
• GROSS AREA (Ag)
▪ This is the whole area of the cross section not considering any holes from bolts
or rivets.
• SHEAR LAG
▪ Area that is reduced due to a phenomenon known as shear lag. It is reduced by
a factor called the shear lag factor reduction “U”. Shear lag occurs when some
elements of the cross section are not connected, as when only one leg of an
angle is bolted to gusset plate. Because shear la affects both bolted and welded
connections, the effective net area concept applies to both types of
connections.
PRINCIPLE ODF STEEL DESIGN (LEC)
Alfred V. Matnog
BSCE-4A
QUIZ NO.3 CE421 – NOV.16,2021
1. DEFINE THE FF: 2 PTS. EACH
• TENSILE LOAD
▪ The tensile load is uniform along the length of a member. Since the net cross-
section is smallest at the bolted connection, the stress is highest in this location.
As the tensile load on member is increased, the steel adjacent to the bolt hole
yields first. Since the bolt holes represent a small segment of the overall length
of the member, the elongation due to the yielding adjacent to the bolt holes is
negligible.
• CRITICAL SECTION
▪ When a member is subjected to tensile force, the member will fail at the critical
section if tension governs. This critical section is the path across the section that
produces the minimum area.
• NET AREA (An)
▪ The reduce cross sectional area due to the presence of bolt holes. The net area
of a member is the sum of the products of thickness and the net width of each
element computed. In computing net are for tension and shear, the width of a
bolt hole shall be taken 2mm greater than the nominal dimension of the hole.
• GROSS AREA (Ag)
▪ This is the whole area of the cross section not considering any holes from bolts
or rivets.
• SHEAR LAG
▪ Area that is reduced due to a phenomenon known as shear lag. It is reduced by
a factor called the shear lag factor reduction “U”. Shear lag occurs when some
elements of the cross section are not connected, as when only one leg of an
angle is bolted to gusset plate. Because shear la affects both bolted and welded
connections, the effective net area concept applies to both types of
connections.
