Republic of the Philippines
AURORA STATE COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING
CIVIL ENGINEERING SECTION
Zabali, Baler 3200, Aurora
A Narrative Report
Presented to the faculty of the
Department of Engineering
Mrs. Ginalyn G. Sumait
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for
HIGHWAY AND RAILROADS ENGINEERING
Bihasa, Krizza Joyce A.
Esperanza, Renz F.
Hidalgo, Michael R.
Matnog, Alfred V.
Montesa, Joey L.
BSCE 3A
January 17, 2021
, Republic of the Philippines
AURORA STATE COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING
CIVIL ENGINEERING SECTION
Zabali, Baler 3200, Aurora
Drainage and Slope Protection
Drainage
– is defined as the means of collecting, transporting
and disposing of surface water originating in or near the right
of way, or flowing in stream crossings or boarding the right of
way.
Surface drainage problems
follow three basic considerations:
1. Hydraulic design that deals with estimating the highest rate of run-off to be handled
2. Hydraulic design deals with the selection of the kinds and sizes of the drainage facilities
that is most economical to accommodate the estimated water flow.
3. Erosion Control is to ascertain the design will not create erosion or other unacceptable
conditions.
Hydrology - is that branch of physical geography that deals with water of the earth. The branch
of hydrology that concern highway engineers are:
1. The frequency and intensity of precipitation.
2. The frequencies that this precipitation brings the highest run-off which are equal or
exceeded critical values.
3. The distribution of precipitation throughout the seasons that influences water behavior
affecting the highway surfaces.
4. The prediction regarding future rainfalls or run-off from gathered statistical approaches,
formula or simulated methods based on the laws of probability.
Relationship and Effect of Hydraulics and Construction
1. Usually, highway construction disrupts existing natural drainage pattern. Water passing the
natural right of ways is often intercepted by road cuts.
2. Construction operations may disturb the ground cover, and loosen the soil creating muddy
stream as a result of erosion.
3. Erosion creates debris that are carried downstream, and deposited at points where the
velocity slackens.
4. Any changes in the land use may alter the historical run-off or un-gauged rural water shed
that could be disastrous on wide scale basis.
AURORA STATE COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING
CIVIL ENGINEERING SECTION
Zabali, Baler 3200, Aurora
A Narrative Report
Presented to the faculty of the
Department of Engineering
Mrs. Ginalyn G. Sumait
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for
HIGHWAY AND RAILROADS ENGINEERING
Bihasa, Krizza Joyce A.
Esperanza, Renz F.
Hidalgo, Michael R.
Matnog, Alfred V.
Montesa, Joey L.
BSCE 3A
January 17, 2021
, Republic of the Philippines
AURORA STATE COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING
CIVIL ENGINEERING SECTION
Zabali, Baler 3200, Aurora
Drainage and Slope Protection
Drainage
– is defined as the means of collecting, transporting
and disposing of surface water originating in or near the right
of way, or flowing in stream crossings or boarding the right of
way.
Surface drainage problems
follow three basic considerations:
1. Hydraulic design that deals with estimating the highest rate of run-off to be handled
2. Hydraulic design deals with the selection of the kinds and sizes of the drainage facilities
that is most economical to accommodate the estimated water flow.
3. Erosion Control is to ascertain the design will not create erosion or other unacceptable
conditions.
Hydrology - is that branch of physical geography that deals with water of the earth. The branch
of hydrology that concern highway engineers are:
1. The frequency and intensity of precipitation.
2. The frequencies that this precipitation brings the highest run-off which are equal or
exceeded critical values.
3. The distribution of precipitation throughout the seasons that influences water behavior
affecting the highway surfaces.
4. The prediction regarding future rainfalls or run-off from gathered statistical approaches,
formula or simulated methods based on the laws of probability.
Relationship and Effect of Hydraulics and Construction
1. Usually, highway construction disrupts existing natural drainage pattern. Water passing the
natural right of ways is often intercepted by road cuts.
2. Construction operations may disturb the ground cover, and loosen the soil creating muddy
stream as a result of erosion.
3. Erosion creates debris that are carried downstream, and deposited at points where the
velocity slackens.
4. Any changes in the land use may alter the historical run-off or un-gauged rural water shed
that could be disastrous on wide scale basis.
