Republic of the Philippines
AURORA STATE COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING
CIVIL ENGINEERING SECTION
Zabali, Baler 3200, Aurora
A Narrative Report
Presented to the faculty of the
Department of Engineering
Mrs. Ginalyn G. Sumait
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for
HIGHWAY AND RAILROADS ENGINEERING
Bihasa, Krizza Joyce A.
Esperanza, Renz F.
Hidalgo, Michael R.
Matnog, Alfred V.
Montesa, Joey L.
BSCE 3A
January 17, 2021
, Republic of the Philippines
AURORA STATE COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING
CIVIL ENGINEERING SECTION
Zabali, Baler 3200, Aurora
Geometric Design
Geometric design for transportation facilities includes the design of geometric cross
sections, horizontal alignment, vertical alignment, intersections, and various design details. These
basic elements are common to all linear facilities, such as roadways, railways, and airport runways
and taxiways. Although the details of design standards vary with the mode and the class of facility,
most of the issues involved in geometric design are similar for all modes. In all cases, the goals of
geometric design are to maximize the comfort, safety, and economy of facilities, while minimizing
their environmental impacts. This chapter focuses on the fundamentals of geometric design, and
presents standards and examples from different modes. The order of presentation of material in
this chapter is to consider geometric cross sections first, then vertical alignment, horizontal
alignment, super elevation, intersections, and various design details. For purposes of exposition,
the order of the topics is not very important. In a typical design project, on the other hand, there is
a definite order of tasks, in which the establishment of a tentative horizontal centerline usually
precedes establishment of vertical alignment. This is because the elevation of the existing ground
along the centerline is an important consideration in establishing the vertical alignment. The
process of designing the vertical alignment begins with plotting a profile of the existing terrain,
and a tentative horizontal centerline must already be established in order to do this.
, Republic of the Philippines
AURORA STATE COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING
CIVIL ENGINEERING SECTION
Zabali, Baler 3200, Aurora
Geometric Design for Highways
Geometric design of a highway deals with the dimensions and layout of visible features of the
highway such as horizontal and vertical alignments, sight distances and intersections. The
geometrics of highway should be designed to provide efficiency in traffic operations with
maximum safety at reasonable cost.
Geometric design of highway is the determination of layout and features visible on
highway. The emphasis is more on satisfying the need of the driver as well as to ensure the safety
of the vehicle, the comfort while driving and efficiency. Other related factors are also considered
based on the project.
The geometric design of highways is that stage of highway design which deals with the
dimensions of the road and layout of visible features of the highway. It is majorly concerned with
the design of the road elements and does not include pavement design, structural and drainage
components. The geometrics of highway should be designed to provide optimum efficiency in
traffic with maximum safety at the reasonable cost. The design of such features is highly influenced
by traffic, driver behavior and psychology and vehicle characteristics.
The features normally considered under the geometric design of roads are grouped as:
ELEMENTS OF CROSS SECTION
Traffic lane, Carriageway, Shoulder, Median strips, Right of the way, Side slope.
Camber
Superelevation
, Republic of the Philippines
AURORA STATE COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING
CIVIL ENGINEERING SECTION
Zabali, Baler 3200, Aurora
Extra widening of pavement
Sight distance across the road
Elements of Horizontal Alignment
Deflection angle, Horizontal curve radius and length
Transition curve
Sight distance along the road plan
Elements of Vertical Alignment
Grade
Vertical curves
Sight distance along the road profile
The main features considered for geometric design of highway are:
Cross section elements
The gradient
The intersection
The consideration of sight distance
The geometric design of highway is influenced by:
The characteristics of the vehicle
AURORA STATE COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING
CIVIL ENGINEERING SECTION
Zabali, Baler 3200, Aurora
A Narrative Report
Presented to the faculty of the
Department of Engineering
Mrs. Ginalyn G. Sumait
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for
HIGHWAY AND RAILROADS ENGINEERING
Bihasa, Krizza Joyce A.
Esperanza, Renz F.
Hidalgo, Michael R.
Matnog, Alfred V.
Montesa, Joey L.
BSCE 3A
January 17, 2021
, Republic of the Philippines
AURORA STATE COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING
CIVIL ENGINEERING SECTION
Zabali, Baler 3200, Aurora
Geometric Design
Geometric design for transportation facilities includes the design of geometric cross
sections, horizontal alignment, vertical alignment, intersections, and various design details. These
basic elements are common to all linear facilities, such as roadways, railways, and airport runways
and taxiways. Although the details of design standards vary with the mode and the class of facility,
most of the issues involved in geometric design are similar for all modes. In all cases, the goals of
geometric design are to maximize the comfort, safety, and economy of facilities, while minimizing
their environmental impacts. This chapter focuses on the fundamentals of geometric design, and
presents standards and examples from different modes. The order of presentation of material in
this chapter is to consider geometric cross sections first, then vertical alignment, horizontal
alignment, super elevation, intersections, and various design details. For purposes of exposition,
the order of the topics is not very important. In a typical design project, on the other hand, there is
a definite order of tasks, in which the establishment of a tentative horizontal centerline usually
precedes establishment of vertical alignment. This is because the elevation of the existing ground
along the centerline is an important consideration in establishing the vertical alignment. The
process of designing the vertical alignment begins with plotting a profile of the existing terrain,
and a tentative horizontal centerline must already be established in order to do this.
, Republic of the Philippines
AURORA STATE COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING
CIVIL ENGINEERING SECTION
Zabali, Baler 3200, Aurora
Geometric Design for Highways
Geometric design of a highway deals with the dimensions and layout of visible features of the
highway such as horizontal and vertical alignments, sight distances and intersections. The
geometrics of highway should be designed to provide efficiency in traffic operations with
maximum safety at reasonable cost.
Geometric design of highway is the determination of layout and features visible on
highway. The emphasis is more on satisfying the need of the driver as well as to ensure the safety
of the vehicle, the comfort while driving and efficiency. Other related factors are also considered
based on the project.
The geometric design of highways is that stage of highway design which deals with the
dimensions of the road and layout of visible features of the highway. It is majorly concerned with
the design of the road elements and does not include pavement design, structural and drainage
components. The geometrics of highway should be designed to provide optimum efficiency in
traffic with maximum safety at the reasonable cost. The design of such features is highly influenced
by traffic, driver behavior and psychology and vehicle characteristics.
The features normally considered under the geometric design of roads are grouped as:
ELEMENTS OF CROSS SECTION
Traffic lane, Carriageway, Shoulder, Median strips, Right of the way, Side slope.
Camber
Superelevation
, Republic of the Philippines
AURORA STATE COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING
CIVIL ENGINEERING SECTION
Zabali, Baler 3200, Aurora
Extra widening of pavement
Sight distance across the road
Elements of Horizontal Alignment
Deflection angle, Horizontal curve radius and length
Transition curve
Sight distance along the road plan
Elements of Vertical Alignment
Grade
Vertical curves
Sight distance along the road profile
The main features considered for geometric design of highway are:
Cross section elements
The gradient
The intersection
The consideration of sight distance
The geometric design of highway is influenced by:
The characteristics of the vehicle
