IS 3413 Telecom Huddleston Exam 2
2023| 76 Questions with solved
solutions| Graded A+
Transport Layer (Layer 4) - -Links application and network layers
Responsible for segmentation & reassembly
Session management
-Network Layer (Layer 3) - -Responsible for addressing & routing
-Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) - -Most common transport layer protocol
Used for reliable transmission of data
Connection-oriented
-User Datagram Protocol (UDP) - -Used in time-sensitive situations, for control
messages, when reliability less critical or handled by application layer
Connectionless
-Linking to the Application Layer - -Ports used to identify application (2-byte numbers,
0 to 1)
Client ports are usually high-numbered ephemeral ports (>1024)
HTTP: TCP port 80
SMTP: TCP port 25
POP3: TCP port 110
-Segmenting - -Breaking up large files into smaller segments (and putting back
together)
-Session Management - -Using a session: connection-oriented messaging (TCP)
three-way handshake: SYN, SYN-ACK, ACK
Sending messages w/o a session: connectionless messaging (UDP)
-Internet Protocol (IP) - -IPv4: 32-bit addresses (232 or ~4.29 billion possible)
, IPv6:128-bit addresses (2128 or ~3.4 × 1038 possible)
-Routing - -Identifying what path to have a packet take through a network from sender
to receive
-Routing Tables - -Used to make routing decisions
Shows path to use to reach given destination
Kept by computers making routing decisions
-Centralized Routing - -(host-based networks, uncommon)
Routing decisions made by one computer
-Decentralized Routing - -(used by the Internet)
Decisions made by each node independently, with data exchange
-Static Routing - -Fixed routing tables, manually configured
-Dynamic Routing - -(sometimes called adaptive routing) Routers exchange data using
protocols to update tables
-Distance Vector - -based on the number of "hops" between two devices
-Link State - -based on number of hops, circuit speed & traffic congestion
-Routing Information Protocol (RIP) - -Dynamic distance vector protocol
Useful in smaller, less complex networks
-Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) - -Dynamic link state protocol
Most widely used on large enterprise networks
-EIGRP - -Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol
-IS-IS - -Intermediate System to Intermediate System
-ICMP - -Internet Control Message Protocol
Simplest possible interior routing protocol, Limited ability to update routing tables
(ping command)
-BGP - -Border Gateway Protocol
Exterior routing.
Used to exchange information between autonomous systems
2023| 76 Questions with solved
solutions| Graded A+
Transport Layer (Layer 4) - -Links application and network layers
Responsible for segmentation & reassembly
Session management
-Network Layer (Layer 3) - -Responsible for addressing & routing
-Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) - -Most common transport layer protocol
Used for reliable transmission of data
Connection-oriented
-User Datagram Protocol (UDP) - -Used in time-sensitive situations, for control
messages, when reliability less critical or handled by application layer
Connectionless
-Linking to the Application Layer - -Ports used to identify application (2-byte numbers,
0 to 1)
Client ports are usually high-numbered ephemeral ports (>1024)
HTTP: TCP port 80
SMTP: TCP port 25
POP3: TCP port 110
-Segmenting - -Breaking up large files into smaller segments (and putting back
together)
-Session Management - -Using a session: connection-oriented messaging (TCP)
three-way handshake: SYN, SYN-ACK, ACK
Sending messages w/o a session: connectionless messaging (UDP)
-Internet Protocol (IP) - -IPv4: 32-bit addresses (232 or ~4.29 billion possible)
, IPv6:128-bit addresses (2128 or ~3.4 × 1038 possible)
-Routing - -Identifying what path to have a packet take through a network from sender
to receive
-Routing Tables - -Used to make routing decisions
Shows path to use to reach given destination
Kept by computers making routing decisions
-Centralized Routing - -(host-based networks, uncommon)
Routing decisions made by one computer
-Decentralized Routing - -(used by the Internet)
Decisions made by each node independently, with data exchange
-Static Routing - -Fixed routing tables, manually configured
-Dynamic Routing - -(sometimes called adaptive routing) Routers exchange data using
protocols to update tables
-Distance Vector - -based on the number of "hops" between two devices
-Link State - -based on number of hops, circuit speed & traffic congestion
-Routing Information Protocol (RIP) - -Dynamic distance vector protocol
Useful in smaller, less complex networks
-Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) - -Dynamic link state protocol
Most widely used on large enterprise networks
-EIGRP - -Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol
-IS-IS - -Intermediate System to Intermediate System
-ICMP - -Internet Control Message Protocol
Simplest possible interior routing protocol, Limited ability to update routing tables
(ping command)
-BGP - -Border Gateway Protocol
Exterior routing.
Used to exchange information between autonomous systems
