WGU D027 OA Exam Study Guide
cystic fibrosis
effects pancreas, increased mucus
Klinefelter syndrome
A chromosomal disorder in which males have an extra X chromosome
Turner Syndrome
A chromosomal disorder in females in which either an X chromosome is missing,
making the person XO instead of XX, or part of one X chromosome is deleted.
Alpha Thalassemia
Severe anemia, do not give ferrous sulfate
B and T cells
Mature in bone marrow, the go to thymus/spleen/liver
Lichen planus
causes extreme itching
Pityriasis Rosea
Itchy patch-like rash in children
actinic keratosis
caused by UV exposure, precursor to squamous cell carcinoma
Glucocorticoids
Tx for cancers that arise from lymphoma tissue, can be toxicities with long term
treatment
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs)
Tamoxifen; used for pts with hormone-receptor positive breast cancer after mastectomy
Normal EF
55-60%
Best way to look at structure/fxn of heart
Echo
Left sided heart failure
affects pulmonary vasculature, increased JVP, S3, rales
right sided heart failure
1. Jungular Vein Distention
2. Ascending Dependent Edema
3. Weight Gain
4. Hepatomegaly (Liver Enlargement)
Stage 1 hypertension
130-139/80-89
Stage 2 hypertension
>140 or >90
first line HTN drugs
ACE-I
ARB
CCB
Thiazide diuretics
Ischemic heart disease
, Chest discomfort, physical exam normal; must take aspirin or another antithrombic
EKG changes with MI
ST elevation is usually MI, while ST depression is angina
chronic bronchitis
excess mucus production, chronic productive cough, smooth muscle hypertrophy
Emphysema
decrease in alpha1-antitrypsin
Asthma
Obstruction reversible! Know triggers, usually worse at night
common ICS
Budesonide, Fluticasone
Common LABAs
Salmeterol, Formoterol
Back Pain
Do not give narcotics/opioids; H&P is good for diagnosis if in first 4-6 wks of pain
acromegaly
overproduction of growth hormone
Addison's disease
a condition that occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough cortisol or
aldosterone
Hyperthyroidism
Tx with PTU
GFR in CKD
Good >90, Stage 5 <15, need dialysis
ACE inhibitors adverse effects
cough, hyperkalemia, fetal injury, angioedema
Beta blockers (beta adrenergic antagonist)
Propanolol is nonselective, should not be used in patients with asthma; should be give
to patients for 6 months after AMI
Statins
Muscle pain is an emergency -> rhabdo
Hemoglobin A1C
Goal <6.5%, poor>9%
Sulfonylureas
glipizide, glyburide, glimepiride; increases insulin secretion by pancreas can cause
hypoglycemia
Biguanides
Metformin; increases glucose production by liver, NO risk of hypoglycemia
Histamine 1 receptors
mediate smooth muscle contraction and dilation of capillaries; Antagonists include
diphenhydramine and hydroxyzine
Kava
Linked to liver failure
Aging
Arthritis is not a normal part of aging; endurance exercise is best way to protect body
from effects of aging
cystic fibrosis
effects pancreas, increased mucus
Klinefelter syndrome
A chromosomal disorder in which males have an extra X chromosome
Turner Syndrome
A chromosomal disorder in females in which either an X chromosome is missing,
making the person XO instead of XX, or part of one X chromosome is deleted.
Alpha Thalassemia
Severe anemia, do not give ferrous sulfate
B and T cells
Mature in bone marrow, the go to thymus/spleen/liver
Lichen planus
causes extreme itching
Pityriasis Rosea
Itchy patch-like rash in children
actinic keratosis
caused by UV exposure, precursor to squamous cell carcinoma
Glucocorticoids
Tx for cancers that arise from lymphoma tissue, can be toxicities with long term
treatment
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs)
Tamoxifen; used for pts with hormone-receptor positive breast cancer after mastectomy
Normal EF
55-60%
Best way to look at structure/fxn of heart
Echo
Left sided heart failure
affects pulmonary vasculature, increased JVP, S3, rales
right sided heart failure
1. Jungular Vein Distention
2. Ascending Dependent Edema
3. Weight Gain
4. Hepatomegaly (Liver Enlargement)
Stage 1 hypertension
130-139/80-89
Stage 2 hypertension
>140 or >90
first line HTN drugs
ACE-I
ARB
CCB
Thiazide diuretics
Ischemic heart disease
, Chest discomfort, physical exam normal; must take aspirin or another antithrombic
EKG changes with MI
ST elevation is usually MI, while ST depression is angina
chronic bronchitis
excess mucus production, chronic productive cough, smooth muscle hypertrophy
Emphysema
decrease in alpha1-antitrypsin
Asthma
Obstruction reversible! Know triggers, usually worse at night
common ICS
Budesonide, Fluticasone
Common LABAs
Salmeterol, Formoterol
Back Pain
Do not give narcotics/opioids; H&P is good for diagnosis if in first 4-6 wks of pain
acromegaly
overproduction of growth hormone
Addison's disease
a condition that occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough cortisol or
aldosterone
Hyperthyroidism
Tx with PTU
GFR in CKD
Good >90, Stage 5 <15, need dialysis
ACE inhibitors adverse effects
cough, hyperkalemia, fetal injury, angioedema
Beta blockers (beta adrenergic antagonist)
Propanolol is nonselective, should not be used in patients with asthma; should be give
to patients for 6 months after AMI
Statins
Muscle pain is an emergency -> rhabdo
Hemoglobin A1C
Goal <6.5%, poor>9%
Sulfonylureas
glipizide, glyburide, glimepiride; increases insulin secretion by pancreas can cause
hypoglycemia
Biguanides
Metformin; increases glucose production by liver, NO risk of hypoglycemia
Histamine 1 receptors
mediate smooth muscle contraction and dilation of capillaries; Antagonists include
diphenhydramine and hydroxyzine
Kava
Linked to liver failure
Aging
Arthritis is not a normal part of aging; endurance exercise is best way to protect body
from effects of aging
