LQB285 Semester 1 2023 Questions With
Complete Solutions
Study of the underlying physiological process associated with
disease correct answer: Define pathophysiology
Environmental:
- hypoxia
- micro bacterial infection
- nutritional imbalances
Genetic:
- gene mutation
- inherited gene mutation correct answer: Causes of disease
Carbohydrates:
- provide glucose for ATP production
Proteins:
- provide structure to cell and aid in muscle movement
Lipids:
- provide insulation, protection and energy. Also make up cell
membranes and form hormones correct answer: Main uses of
carbohydrates, lipids and proteins
A way for substances to communicate with cells. The substance
matches with the receptor and then can have an effect once
channels are opened correct answer: What are cell membrane
receptors?
,Is crucial in action potentials occurring. It actively transports Na
and K against their concentration gradients to restore normal
levels. Sodium exits while potassium enters. This requires ATP.
correct answer: What is the sodium potassium pump for?
Potassium is higher in intracellular while sodium and calcium is
higher in extracellular correct answer: What is the
concentrations of the main electrolytes, potassium, sodium and
calcium?
Aerobic starts with glucose. It then progresses through
glycolysis in the cytoplasm and the Krebs cycle in the
mitochondria. It requires oxygen and forms 32 units of ATP to
every 1 unit of glucose. Occurs in cardiac muscle and the brain.
correct answer: Discuss aerobic respiration.
Anaerobic starts with glucose. It then progresses through
glycolysis in the cytoplasm and production of lactic acid also
occurs here. It produces 2 units of ATP for every 1 unit of
glucose. Red blood cells use this. correct answer: Discuss
anaerobic respiration.
Both aerobic and anaerobic. correct answer: What kind of
cellular respiration does skeletal muscle use?
Ischemia occurs, this lack of blood supply to tissues leads to
insufficient oxygen supply known as hypoxia. Due to hypoxia
there is a decrease in the ability for aerobic respiration causing a
dramatic decrease or complete loss of ATP production. A
temporary loss of ATP results in the inability for cells to
function causing cell injury that may be reversible or
,irreversible. correct answer: Discuss the main mechanisms of
cell injury, focusing on ATP production.
Atrophy: Decrease in size
Hypertrophy: Increase in size
Dysplasia: Change in size, shape or organisation correct answer:
Define the different cell responses to injury.
Apoptosis: the functional death of cells due to damage or age,
self-destruction
Necrosis: cell swelling leading to breakdown outside of the
membrane. The contents then leaks and can influence
surrounding cells. correct answer: Compare apoptosis and
necrosis.
Parasympathetic:
- Releases Acetylcholine (neurotransmitter)
- Binds to cholinergic receptors
Sympathetic:
- Releases adrenaline
- Binds to adrenergic receptors
- alpha
- beta correct answer: Compare the parasympathetic and
sympathetic nervous system.
- Effective response to a physical crisis
- Causes a physiological mobilisation of the body stores
- Same for physical, emotional and mental stressors correct
answer: Short term affects of stress
, Pathophysiological processes and chronic disease correct
answer: Long term affects of stress
Protective response to cell injury, it releases chemicals called
histamines that cause vasodilation and increased blood vessel
permeability correct answer: Briefly discuss inflammation
The healing process involves the removal of necrotic cells
through phagocytosis and proliferation of cells occur to replace
lost structures (regeneration). Repair is the process of scar
formation due to the deposition of collagen. Fibrosis occurs
when there is an excessive amount of collagen deposition and
normal cell function is lost. correct answer: Discuss tissue
regeneration and repair
HDL: moves cholesterol from body tissues to the liver for
removal from circulation. It also maintains endothelial cells and
inhibits the movement of macrophages into the artery walls.
Prevents and removes lipid deposition on vessel walls.
LDL: moves cholesterol from the liver to the body tissues and
deposits lipids on artery walls correct answer: Discuss the role
of HDL and LDL
Abnormal levels of lipids in the bloods. Characterised as high
LDL and triglycerides and low HDL. correct answer: What is
dyslipidaemia?
Modifiable:
- smoking
- stress
Complete Solutions
Study of the underlying physiological process associated with
disease correct answer: Define pathophysiology
Environmental:
- hypoxia
- micro bacterial infection
- nutritional imbalances
Genetic:
- gene mutation
- inherited gene mutation correct answer: Causes of disease
Carbohydrates:
- provide glucose for ATP production
Proteins:
- provide structure to cell and aid in muscle movement
Lipids:
- provide insulation, protection and energy. Also make up cell
membranes and form hormones correct answer: Main uses of
carbohydrates, lipids and proteins
A way for substances to communicate with cells. The substance
matches with the receptor and then can have an effect once
channels are opened correct answer: What are cell membrane
receptors?
,Is crucial in action potentials occurring. It actively transports Na
and K against their concentration gradients to restore normal
levels. Sodium exits while potassium enters. This requires ATP.
correct answer: What is the sodium potassium pump for?
Potassium is higher in intracellular while sodium and calcium is
higher in extracellular correct answer: What is the
concentrations of the main electrolytes, potassium, sodium and
calcium?
Aerobic starts with glucose. It then progresses through
glycolysis in the cytoplasm and the Krebs cycle in the
mitochondria. It requires oxygen and forms 32 units of ATP to
every 1 unit of glucose. Occurs in cardiac muscle and the brain.
correct answer: Discuss aerobic respiration.
Anaerobic starts with glucose. It then progresses through
glycolysis in the cytoplasm and production of lactic acid also
occurs here. It produces 2 units of ATP for every 1 unit of
glucose. Red blood cells use this. correct answer: Discuss
anaerobic respiration.
Both aerobic and anaerobic. correct answer: What kind of
cellular respiration does skeletal muscle use?
Ischemia occurs, this lack of blood supply to tissues leads to
insufficient oxygen supply known as hypoxia. Due to hypoxia
there is a decrease in the ability for aerobic respiration causing a
dramatic decrease or complete loss of ATP production. A
temporary loss of ATP results in the inability for cells to
function causing cell injury that may be reversible or
,irreversible. correct answer: Discuss the main mechanisms of
cell injury, focusing on ATP production.
Atrophy: Decrease in size
Hypertrophy: Increase in size
Dysplasia: Change in size, shape or organisation correct answer:
Define the different cell responses to injury.
Apoptosis: the functional death of cells due to damage or age,
self-destruction
Necrosis: cell swelling leading to breakdown outside of the
membrane. The contents then leaks and can influence
surrounding cells. correct answer: Compare apoptosis and
necrosis.
Parasympathetic:
- Releases Acetylcholine (neurotransmitter)
- Binds to cholinergic receptors
Sympathetic:
- Releases adrenaline
- Binds to adrenergic receptors
- alpha
- beta correct answer: Compare the parasympathetic and
sympathetic nervous system.
- Effective response to a physical crisis
- Causes a physiological mobilisation of the body stores
- Same for physical, emotional and mental stressors correct
answer: Short term affects of stress
, Pathophysiological processes and chronic disease correct
answer: Long term affects of stress
Protective response to cell injury, it releases chemicals called
histamines that cause vasodilation and increased blood vessel
permeability correct answer: Briefly discuss inflammation
The healing process involves the removal of necrotic cells
through phagocytosis and proliferation of cells occur to replace
lost structures (regeneration). Repair is the process of scar
formation due to the deposition of collagen. Fibrosis occurs
when there is an excessive amount of collagen deposition and
normal cell function is lost. correct answer: Discuss tissue
regeneration and repair
HDL: moves cholesterol from body tissues to the liver for
removal from circulation. It also maintains endothelial cells and
inhibits the movement of macrophages into the artery walls.
Prevents and removes lipid deposition on vessel walls.
LDL: moves cholesterol from the liver to the body tissues and
deposits lipids on artery walls correct answer: Discuss the role
of HDL and LDL
Abnormal levels of lipids in the bloods. Characterised as high
LDL and triglycerides and low HDL. correct answer: What is
dyslipidaemia?
Modifiable:
- smoking
- stress
