4801 Adaptive Quizzing Review 2022 with complete
solution (HIV)
A client comes to the emergency department reporting symptoms of the flu.
When the health history reveals intravenous drug use and multiple sexual
partners, acute retroviral syndrome is suspected, and a test for the human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is performed. Which clinical responses are
associated most commonly with this syndrome? (Select all that apply.)
1 Malaise
2 Confusion
3 Constipation
4 Swollen lymph glands
5 Oropharyngeal candidiasis
Malaise
Swollen lymph glands
Development of HIV-specific antibodies (seroconversion) is accompanied by a flulike
syndrome called acute retroviral syndrome. This syndrome includes malaise, swollen
lymph glands, fever, sore throat, headache, nausea, diarrhea, muscle/joint pain, or a
diffuse rash. It occurs one to three weeks after infection and may continue for several
months. Acute retroviral syndrome over time is followed by the early-chronic,
intermediate-chronic, and late-chronic stages of HIV infection. Development of HIV-
specific antibodies, accompanied by flulike syndrome, includes swollen lymph glands.
Confusion is associated with the intermediate-chronic and late-chronic stages of HIV
infection when the individual develops AIDS-dementia complex or opportunistic infection
that affects the neurological system. Diarrhea, not constipation, is associated with this
syndrome. Oropharyngeal candidiasis occurs during the intermediate-chronic stage of
HIV infection.
A client comes to the clinic for a physical and asks to be tested for acquired
immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Which test should the nurse explain will be
used for the initial screening for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
-The ELISA is the first screening test done to detect serum antibodies that bind to HIV
antigens on test plates. The CD4 T cell count is not a screening test; it is done to
monitor the progression of HIV infection and response to treatment. The Western blot
test is not done first; the Western blot is done to validate repeatedly reactive ELISA
results. The polymerase chain reaction test is not an initial screening test; it is done
when there are consistently inconclusive test results with previous screening tests
A nurse is counseling the family of an infant who is HIV positive. Where is the
best place for this infant to receive long-term care?
Home environment
Unless there is an episode of acute illness, home is the best place for the infant; this
prevents hospital-acquired infection and promotes family interaction.
, A client who is homeless is hospitalized for alcohol withdrawal. When
considering the type of personal protective equipment that is needed for the
client's care, what condition does the nurse recall that homeless persons are at
risk for?
Tuberculosis
Medically underserved clients such as the homeless, clients who are alcohol or drug
dependent, and those who have human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections are at
risk for developing tuberculosis. Being homeless does not increase a person's risk for
developing prostatitis, osteoarthritis, or diverticulosis.
A client who is negative for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) but who has a
history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) requests the nurse to
read the results of the client's Mantoux test for tuberculosis. The test site has a
10-mm area of induration with 5 mm of erythema. How should the nurse interpret
the finding?
The client has been exposed to the pathogen that causes tuberculosis.
The size of the induration determines the clinical significance of the reaction; an
induration of 5 mm or more is considered positive in a client with HIV, indicating
exposure to the tuberculosis bacillus or vaccination with bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)
vaccine, not the presence of active disease. The finding of an induration of 10 mm is a
positive response. The size of the induration, not the amount of erythema, is used to
determine the test result. Having COPD does not alter the reading; however, HIV does.
A client who has recently been found to be infected with human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) comments to the nurse, "There are so many terrible
people around. Why couldn't one of them get HIV instead of me?" What is the
best response by the nurse?
It seems unfair that you should have this disease.
The client is in the anger or "why me" stage of grieving; encouraging the client to
express feelings will help the client resolve them while moving toward acceptance.
A nurse is caring for a 26-year-old client recently diagnosed with human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and has a CD4 count of 150. The client needs an
update on immunizations and asks which ones are needed. Which vaccines are
required to comply with the recommended immunization schedule for a client
with HIV?
Tetanus, hepatitis B, influenza, and pneumococcal vaccines
According to recent recommendations, adults with HIV should receive tetanus,
influenza, hepatitis B, and pneumococcal vaccines. Live pathogen vaccines (MMR,
varicella) are contraindicated for individuals who are immunosuppressed. Currently
there is no immunization for hepatitis C and the diphtheria vaccine is not recommended.
A client who abused intravenous drugs was diagnosed with the human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) several years ago. What does the nurse explain to
the client regarding the diagnostic criterion for acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome (AIDS)?
solution (HIV)
A client comes to the emergency department reporting symptoms of the flu.
When the health history reveals intravenous drug use and multiple sexual
partners, acute retroviral syndrome is suspected, and a test for the human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is performed. Which clinical responses are
associated most commonly with this syndrome? (Select all that apply.)
1 Malaise
2 Confusion
3 Constipation
4 Swollen lymph glands
5 Oropharyngeal candidiasis
Malaise
Swollen lymph glands
Development of HIV-specific antibodies (seroconversion) is accompanied by a flulike
syndrome called acute retroviral syndrome. This syndrome includes malaise, swollen
lymph glands, fever, sore throat, headache, nausea, diarrhea, muscle/joint pain, or a
diffuse rash. It occurs one to three weeks after infection and may continue for several
months. Acute retroviral syndrome over time is followed by the early-chronic,
intermediate-chronic, and late-chronic stages of HIV infection. Development of HIV-
specific antibodies, accompanied by flulike syndrome, includes swollen lymph glands.
Confusion is associated with the intermediate-chronic and late-chronic stages of HIV
infection when the individual develops AIDS-dementia complex or opportunistic infection
that affects the neurological system. Diarrhea, not constipation, is associated with this
syndrome. Oropharyngeal candidiasis occurs during the intermediate-chronic stage of
HIV infection.
A client comes to the clinic for a physical and asks to be tested for acquired
immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Which test should the nurse explain will be
used for the initial screening for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
-The ELISA is the first screening test done to detect serum antibodies that bind to HIV
antigens on test plates. The CD4 T cell count is not a screening test; it is done to
monitor the progression of HIV infection and response to treatment. The Western blot
test is not done first; the Western blot is done to validate repeatedly reactive ELISA
results. The polymerase chain reaction test is not an initial screening test; it is done
when there are consistently inconclusive test results with previous screening tests
A nurse is counseling the family of an infant who is HIV positive. Where is the
best place for this infant to receive long-term care?
Home environment
Unless there is an episode of acute illness, home is the best place for the infant; this
prevents hospital-acquired infection and promotes family interaction.
, A client who is homeless is hospitalized for alcohol withdrawal. When
considering the type of personal protective equipment that is needed for the
client's care, what condition does the nurse recall that homeless persons are at
risk for?
Tuberculosis
Medically underserved clients such as the homeless, clients who are alcohol or drug
dependent, and those who have human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections are at
risk for developing tuberculosis. Being homeless does not increase a person's risk for
developing prostatitis, osteoarthritis, or diverticulosis.
A client who is negative for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) but who has a
history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) requests the nurse to
read the results of the client's Mantoux test for tuberculosis. The test site has a
10-mm area of induration with 5 mm of erythema. How should the nurse interpret
the finding?
The client has been exposed to the pathogen that causes tuberculosis.
The size of the induration determines the clinical significance of the reaction; an
induration of 5 mm or more is considered positive in a client with HIV, indicating
exposure to the tuberculosis bacillus or vaccination with bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)
vaccine, not the presence of active disease. The finding of an induration of 10 mm is a
positive response. The size of the induration, not the amount of erythema, is used to
determine the test result. Having COPD does not alter the reading; however, HIV does.
A client who has recently been found to be infected with human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) comments to the nurse, "There are so many terrible
people around. Why couldn't one of them get HIV instead of me?" What is the
best response by the nurse?
It seems unfair that you should have this disease.
The client is in the anger or "why me" stage of grieving; encouraging the client to
express feelings will help the client resolve them while moving toward acceptance.
A nurse is caring for a 26-year-old client recently diagnosed with human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and has a CD4 count of 150. The client needs an
update on immunizations and asks which ones are needed. Which vaccines are
required to comply with the recommended immunization schedule for a client
with HIV?
Tetanus, hepatitis B, influenza, and pneumococcal vaccines
According to recent recommendations, adults with HIV should receive tetanus,
influenza, hepatitis B, and pneumococcal vaccines. Live pathogen vaccines (MMR,
varicella) are contraindicated for individuals who are immunosuppressed. Currently
there is no immunization for hepatitis C and the diphtheria vaccine is not recommended.
A client who abused intravenous drugs was diagnosed with the human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) several years ago. What does the nurse explain to
the client regarding the diagnostic criterion for acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome (AIDS)?
