Pharmacology Question Bank 100% Verified Questions with Rationale(Pharmacology 05 - Test Bank)

Pharmacology Question Bank 100% Verified Questions with Rationale(Pharmacology 05 - Test Bank) 1-A nurse has completed teaching a client who is being discharged on lithium for a bipolar disorder. Which statement by the client indicates a need for further teaching? 1. "I need to drink 1-2 liters of fluid daily." 2. "I need to have my blood levels checked periodically." 3. "I should not limit my sodium intake." 4. "I should use ibuprofen for pain relief." Explanation: Lithium is a mood stabilizer most often used to treat bipolar affective disorders. It has a very narrow therapeutic serum range of 0.6-1.2 mEq/L (0.6-1.2 mmol/L). Levels 1.5 mEq/L (1.5 mmol/L) are considered toxic. Lithium toxicity usually occurs with the following: 1. Dehydration 2. Decreased renal function (eg, elderly clients) 3. Diet low in sodium 4. Drug-drug interactions (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs] and thiazide diuretics) Lithium is cleared renally. Even a mild change in kidney function (as seen in elderly clients) can cause serious lithium toxicity. Therefore, drugs that decrease renal blood flow (eg, NSAIDs) should be avoided. Acetaminophen would be a better choice for pain relief (Option 4). (Options 1 and 3) Sodium, water, and lithium are normally filtered by the kidneys. Restriction of dietary sodium/water or dehydration signals renal sodium and water reabsorption which will also increase lithium absorption, resulting in toxicity. Therefore, clients should never restrict their sodium or water intake while taking lithium; instead, they should maintain a consistent sodium intake. (Option 2) Blood should be drawn frequently to monitor for therapeutic lithium levels and toxicity. Educational objective: Dehydration, decreased renal function, diet low in sodium, and drug-drug interactions (eg, NSAIDs and thiazide diuretics) can cause lithium toxicity.