CALT exam Fully answered

coarticulation Answer the ability to overlap several phonemes anaphora Answer pronouns or articles used to refer to something already mentioned appositive Answer a noun or noun phrase placed after a noun to describe it more fully model involves two-way connection between context and meaning, and two way connections between orthography and phonology Answer Rumelhart and Seidenberg's Connectionist Theory meaning based and code-based strategies are taught together. First order skill are enciphering and deciphering. Second order skills are comprehension/composition. 1st and 2nd order skills are taught together Answer Farnham-Diggory Model trade-off of sub processes. Readers with poor word recognition are more reliant on context than good readers. Skill of reading as a developing process Answer Stanovich's Interactive-Compensatory Model 1. Letters are connected with phonemes. 2. Units of letters are connected with parts of spoken speech. 3. Printed word is connected to its meaning. Cipher Sight Reading (words are recognized quickly through Cipher strategy) Answer Ehri contributions 1. Alphabetic spelling precedes alphabetic reading 2. Dyslexics begin to fall behind in "Alphabetic Phase" Answer Firth's contributions 1. 1930 (John Dewey) whole word teaching 2. Language-experience text 3. Chall (1983) direct phonics instruction more successful 4. Adams-importance of connections between meaning "processors" and letter-sound "processors", effective phonics instruction must be linked with language based reading instruction Answer The Great Debate: Phonics vs. Whole Language 1. The Logographic Phase 2. The Phonetic-Cue Phase (Early Alphabetic) 3. The Cipher or Alphabetic Phase (Mature Alphabetic) 4. The Orthographic Phase Answer Ehri's Four Phases of Reading Strategy Development (Phases of Word Learning) Uta Firth-visual cue phase Pre-phonics lexicon-example (McD sign) many argue this stage does not exist Answer The Logographic Phase (Ehri)