CHAPTER 2
Assessing Learning Outcomes
Chapter Exercises
A. Answer the following questions and discuss briefly.
1. Define the following terms: goals, objectives, educational objectives/ instructional
objectives, specific/ behavioral objectives, general/ expressive objectives, learning
outcome, leaning activity, observable outcome, unobservable outcome, cognitive domain,
affective domain, psychomotor domain, Bloom’s Taxonomy.
Goals - A broad statement of very general educational outcomes that do not include
specific level of performance.
Objectives – a specific result that a person or system aims to achieve within a time frame
and with available resources. In general, objectives are more specific and easier to
measure than goals.
Educational Objectives/ Instructional Objectives - specific statement of the learner’s
behavior or outcomes that are expected to be exhibited by the students after completing a
unit of instruction.
Specific/ Behavioral Objectives - precise statement of behavior to be exhibited by the
students; the criterion by which mastery of the objectives will be judged; and the
statement of the conditions under which behavior must be demonstrated.
General/ Expressive Objectives - the behaviors are not usually specified, and the criterion
of the performance level is not stated. It describes the experience or educational activity
to be done. It is not expressed in specific terms but in general terms such as understand,
interpret, or analyze.
Learning Outcome - an activity that implies a certain product or end result of
instructional objectives.
Learning Activity - if you write instructional objectives as a means or process of attaining
the end product.
Observable Outcome - a process that is capable of being observed and verified by an
individual. An example is the students should be able to explain specific topics and
review relevant content in a subject.
Unobservable Outcome - a process that cannot be observed and verified. An example is
we infer the unobservable from another observable. The students should be able to
understand, not explain specific topics.
Cognitive Domain - outcomes of mental activity such as memorizing, reading, problem
solving, analyzing, synthesizing and drawing conclusions.
Affective Domain - describes learning objectives that emphasize a feeling tone, an
emotion, or a degree of acceptance or rejection.
, Psychomotor Domain - this domain is characterized by the progressive levels of
behaviors from observation to mastery of physical skills.
Bloom’s Taxonomy – it was established by Bloom and other educators who work on
cognitive domain and completed the hierarchy of educational objectives in 1956.
2. Write (5) specific and (5) general objectives in your area of interest.
Specific Objectives:
At the end of the lesson the students should be able to:
List the four major food groups without error
Learn the main events of the story of The Little Prince in grammatically correct English
Solve rational expressions with 90% accuracy
Understand the paragraph's value according to the given six criteria for an out-of-class
assignment.
Identify the positions that attack a political opponent personally rather than the
opponent's political programs in the presidential speech
General Objectives:
At the end of the lesson the students should be able to:
Understand the role of the arts and humanities in people’s lives
Interpret the main qualities of artistic expression based on personal experiences with art
Analyze the nature of art’s preliminary expression
Interpret the painting of Mona Lisa by Leonardo Da Vinci
Analyze how artists present their subjects in relation to the real subject
3. Determine observable learning outcome and non-observable learning outcomes in the (5)
specific objectives in number 2.
Observable Learning Outcome:
List the four major food groups without error
Solve rational expressions with 90% accuracy
Identify the positions that attack a political opponent personally rather than the
opponent's political programs in the presidential speech
Non-observable Learning Outcome:
Learn the main events of the story of The Little Prince in grammatically correct English
Understand the paragraph's value according to the given six criteria for an out-of-class
assignment.
4. Identify the different levels of Bloom’s Taxonomy and explain each level.
Assessing Learning Outcomes
Chapter Exercises
A. Answer the following questions and discuss briefly.
1. Define the following terms: goals, objectives, educational objectives/ instructional
objectives, specific/ behavioral objectives, general/ expressive objectives, learning
outcome, leaning activity, observable outcome, unobservable outcome, cognitive domain,
affective domain, psychomotor domain, Bloom’s Taxonomy.
Goals - A broad statement of very general educational outcomes that do not include
specific level of performance.
Objectives – a specific result that a person or system aims to achieve within a time frame
and with available resources. In general, objectives are more specific and easier to
measure than goals.
Educational Objectives/ Instructional Objectives - specific statement of the learner’s
behavior or outcomes that are expected to be exhibited by the students after completing a
unit of instruction.
Specific/ Behavioral Objectives - precise statement of behavior to be exhibited by the
students; the criterion by which mastery of the objectives will be judged; and the
statement of the conditions under which behavior must be demonstrated.
General/ Expressive Objectives - the behaviors are not usually specified, and the criterion
of the performance level is not stated. It describes the experience or educational activity
to be done. It is not expressed in specific terms but in general terms such as understand,
interpret, or analyze.
Learning Outcome - an activity that implies a certain product or end result of
instructional objectives.
Learning Activity - if you write instructional objectives as a means or process of attaining
the end product.
Observable Outcome - a process that is capable of being observed and verified by an
individual. An example is the students should be able to explain specific topics and
review relevant content in a subject.
Unobservable Outcome - a process that cannot be observed and verified. An example is
we infer the unobservable from another observable. The students should be able to
understand, not explain specific topics.
Cognitive Domain - outcomes of mental activity such as memorizing, reading, problem
solving, analyzing, synthesizing and drawing conclusions.
Affective Domain - describes learning objectives that emphasize a feeling tone, an
emotion, or a degree of acceptance or rejection.
, Psychomotor Domain - this domain is characterized by the progressive levels of
behaviors from observation to mastery of physical skills.
Bloom’s Taxonomy – it was established by Bloom and other educators who work on
cognitive domain and completed the hierarchy of educational objectives in 1956.
2. Write (5) specific and (5) general objectives in your area of interest.
Specific Objectives:
At the end of the lesson the students should be able to:
List the four major food groups without error
Learn the main events of the story of The Little Prince in grammatically correct English
Solve rational expressions with 90% accuracy
Understand the paragraph's value according to the given six criteria for an out-of-class
assignment.
Identify the positions that attack a political opponent personally rather than the
opponent's political programs in the presidential speech
General Objectives:
At the end of the lesson the students should be able to:
Understand the role of the arts and humanities in people’s lives
Interpret the main qualities of artistic expression based on personal experiences with art
Analyze the nature of art’s preliminary expression
Interpret the painting of Mona Lisa by Leonardo Da Vinci
Analyze how artists present their subjects in relation to the real subject
3. Determine observable learning outcome and non-observable learning outcomes in the (5)
specific objectives in number 2.
Observable Learning Outcome:
List the four major food groups without error
Solve rational expressions with 90% accuracy
Identify the positions that attack a political opponent personally rather than the
opponent's political programs in the presidential speech
Non-observable Learning Outcome:
Learn the main events of the story of The Little Prince in grammatically correct English
Understand the paragraph's value according to the given six criteria for an out-of-class
assignment.
4. Identify the different levels of Bloom’s Taxonomy and explain each level.
