NCM 103 Laboratory Hand Hygiene or Medical Handwashing Procedure
AY 2022 - 2023
2nd Semester
Ms. Judy N. Vasquez, MAN, RN
Prelims - Midterm
01
MEDICAL HANDWASHING
Definition of Terms PORTAL OF ENTRY (How Germs Get In) – Mouth, Cuts in Skin, Eyes
1. Handwashing – the scrubbing of hands thoroughly to MODE OF TRANSMISSION (Germs Get Around) – Contact (hands,
remove dirt and microorganisms toys, sand), Droplets (sneeze, speak, cough)
2. Infection– invasion and growth of microorganisms in the
body
3. Nosocomial Infection – infection acquired in the hospital
setting
4. Contaminate– touching a clean or sterile surface with an
unsterile object or an object that might contain pathogenic
microorganisms
5. Asepsis – the state of being free from disease-causing
microorganisms
6. Pathogens – microorganisms or infectious agents capable of
producing a disease
7. Antiseptic – A substance that stops or slows down the
growth of microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and
fungi on the skin surface (alcohol, hand sanitizer, betadine
LOCALIZED AND SYSTEMIC INFECTION
solution, hydrogen peroxide)
8. Disinfectant – chemicals that kill bacteria, viruses, and fungi LOCALIZED
on nonliving surfaces (Lysol, muriatic acid, chlorine) - an infection that affects only one body part or organ
9. Aseptic Technique – the infection control practice used to - signs of infection: redness, tenderness, swelling/
prevent contamination and transmission of microorganisms. inflammation, pain and loss of function of affected part
10. Medical Handwashing – use practices to reduce the SYSTEMIC
number, growth, and spread of the microorganisms on the - or sepsis, is an infection that affects the entire body and
hands, referred to as the clean technique involves multiple organs
11. Surgical Handwashing – or a surgical hand scrub is done to
remove microorganisms from the hands as possible before STAGES OF INFECTION
a sterile procedure, referred to as a sterile technique
1. INCUBATION PERIOD
PURPOSES OF MEDICAL HANDWASHING / HAND HYGIENE - the time from exposure to an infectious agent until the
onset of symptoms, the exact time frame of incubation
★ To reduce the number of microorganisms on the hands depends on the causative agent.
★ To reduce the risk of transmission of microorganisms to 2. PRODROMAL STAGE
clients
- refers to the period after incubation and before the
★ To reduce the risk of cross-contamination among clients
★ To reduce the risk of transmission of infectious organisms to characteristic symptoms of infection occur, during this
oneself period the infectious agent continues to invade and
multiply in the host. a client may also be infectious to
CHAIN OF INFECTION other persons at this time.
ARPSPM ("A Red Parrot Sings Pretty Melodies")
3. ILLNESS STAGE
- when the client is manifesting specific symptoms of an
AGENT (Germs) – Bacteria, Viruses, Parasites
infectious process.
RESERVOIR (Where Germs Live) – People, Animals / Pets (dogs,
4. CONVALESCENCE STAGE
cats, reptiles), Wild Animals, Food, Soil, Water
- the period or time from when an acute symptom begin to
PORTAL OF EXIT (Portal of Exit) – Mouth (vomit, saliva), Cuts in
disappear until the client returns to the previous state of
the skin (blood), During diapering and toileting (stool)
health
SUSCEPTIBLE HOST (Next Sick Person) – Babies, Children, Elderly,
People with a weakened immune system, Anyone
, TYPES OF HAND HYGIENE CENTER FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION PROMOTES
THE USE OF ALCOHOL-BASED HAND RUBS (FOAM OR GEL?)
1. MEDICAL HANDWASHING
- Handwashing, also known as hand hygiene, is the act of ★ They kill bacteria more effectively and more quickly than hand
cleaning one's hands with soap (or equivalent materials) washing with soap and water
and water to remove viruses/ bacteria/microorganisms, ★ They are less damaging tothe skin than soap and water,
dirt, grease, or other harmful and unwanted substances resulting in less dryness and irritation
stuck to the hands ★ They require less time than hand washing with soap and
2. ANTISEPTIC HAND HYGIENE water.
- Washing hands with soap and water, or other detergents ★ Bottles/ dispensers can be placed at the point of care so they
containing an antiseptic agent. are more accessible.
3. ALCOHOL-BASED HAND RUB ★ Apply to palm of one hand, rub hands together covering all
surfaces until dry
- Applying an antiseptic hand rub to reduce or inhibit the
growth of microorganisms without the need of using
water and requiring no rinsing or drying with towels or
FINGERNAILS AND JEWELRY
other devices.
★ Keep natural nail tips < 1/4 inch in length
4. SURGICAL HANDWASHING/ SCRUBBING
★ No artificial nails or extenders when having direct contact with
- Surgical scrub is an important procedure required to high-risk patients (e.g., ICU, OR) • Removal of all jewelry is
reduce the risk of contamination by microorganisms recommended - microorganisms can lodge in the settings of
during operative procedures. The surgical scrub involves jewelry and under rings.
first decontaminating the hands, then donning a sterile
surgical gown and pair of sterile gloves
COMMON MISSED AREAS WHEN HAND WASHING
★ Between the fingers
THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION RECOMMENDS WASHING ★ Around the fingernails
HANDS FOR AT LEAST 20 SECONDS BEFORE/AFTER THE ★ Back of the thumb
FOLLOWING:
★ Before and after caring for any sick person 5 TYPES OF FAUCET CONTROL
★ Before, during, and after preparing food
★ Before eating 1. Hand-operated Handles
★ After using the toilet (for urination, defecation, menstrual 2. Elbow Controls
hygiene), 3. Knee Levers
★ After helping someone who just used the toilet 4. Foot Pedals
★ After blowing one's nose, or coughing or sneezing 5. Infrared Controls
★ After touching an animal, animal feed or animal waste
★ After touching garbage
★ After coming from hospital
★ After work
WHO RECOMMENDED HAND HYGIENE TECHNIQUE
★ After any travel
★ Hand rub / hand wash
★ 15 - 20 seconds
THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION DEFINES CRITICAL
MOMENTS FOR HEALTHCARE WORKER HAND HYGIENE, USING
'MY 5 MOMENTS FOR HAND HYGIENE APPROACH'.
★ Before touching a patient,
★ Before aseptic procedures,
★ After body fluid exposure/risk,
★ After touching a patient, and
★ After touching patient surroundings
EFFICACY OF HAND HYGIENE PREPARATIONS IN KILLING
BACTERIA IN HEALTH CARE SETTINGS
REFERENCES
Notes from the discussion by Ms. Judy N. Vasquez, MAN, RN
Medical Handwashing PPT
University of – Cebu Banilad
, NCM 103 Laboratory Institutional Housekeeping
AY 2022 - 2023
2nd Semester
Ms. Judy N. Vasquez, MAN, RN
Prelims - Midterm
02
INSTITUTIONAL HOUSEKEEPING
Definition of Terms SANITATION
1. Rest – a bodily state characterized by minimal functional and - the whole area is free from all sources of bacterial
metabolic activities; a state of motionlessness or inactivity; contamination such as undisposed garbage and leftovers,
results in feeling refreshed stagnant water, etc.
2. Safety – freedom from harm or danger; the state of being - Wet trash are properly underlined and covered with
safe; protection from injury plastic, and are disposed of regularly
3. Environment – the world around us; our surroundings - All items for personal use of guests which came in
(natural and man-made surroundings) contact with the body like linens, cutleries, glasses etc.,
4. Lighting – having abundant light and illumination are sanitized with detergents to protect guests from
5. Humidity – refers to the amount of moisture in the air possible bacterial and viral contamination.
6. Temperature – a measurement that indicates how hot or - Glasses and water jugs installed in the guestrooms are
cold something is; measures the environment’s heat and covered.
coldness - Areas are protected from pest infestation and are
7. Ventilation – refers to the movement or circulation of air in regularly fumigated to eliminate parasites.
and out of an area
8. Dusting – removing the dust from the surface of something GUEST’S/PATIENT’S COMFORT
by wiping it - Rooms are properly ventilated and lighted.
9. Housekeeping – refers to the maintenance of cleanliness and - Guests are not disturbed by noise and other forms of
order in residential establishment like a house or a distractions.
condominium - There are sufficient amenities for the comfort of guest
10. Institutional Housekeeping – refers to housekeeping like linens, toiletries, utensils etc.
maintenance in a commercial lodging establishment like - Wall decors and TV sets are posted at an angle
offices, hotels, resorts, inns, dormitory, hospitals, and appropriate for the eye.
apartelles - No eyesores can be found in guest/patient contact areas.
SAFETY
PURPOSES OF MEDICAL INSTITUTIONAL HOUSEKEEPING - Rooms must be free from any hazard like open electrical
outlets, dangling wires, damaged tiles, slippery floors,
1. Prevent the spread of microorganisms from person to broken chairs, etc.
person. - Building must be provided with all required safety
2. Prepare a clean, comfortable, and safe environment for the materials like emergency alarms, fire
guest/ patient. extinguishers/hoses, luminous safety signs, well
3. Keep the guests/ patient unit as attractive as possible. ventilated fire exits. Etc.
4. To render the unit safe and ready for new guests/ patient. - Safety instructions during emergencies are available in all
5. To ensure the cleanliness of the unit and its equipment. rooms
- Trained roving guards are available to check movements
in guests in guest/patient’s rooms and to ensure
STANDARDS OF IDEAL HOUSEKEEPING protection of guests
- Safety instructions during emergencies are available in all
CLEANLINESS rooms.
- All areas are immaculately clean from corner to corner, - Safe emergency procedure (presence of emergency
top to bottom, including surfaces. brigade)
- Closets, cabinets, and storage areas are also kept clean
- Furniture and fixtures are properly dusted, door knobs
and metal fixtures are polished with the right metal PRINCIPLES OF INSTITUTIONAL HOUSEKEEPING
polishing chemical (pledge, armor all, etc.)
- Windows and glass panels are dusted and polished. 1. Have everything ready before starting to work.
- Floors are vacuumed, and polished or washed when 2. Begin working from top to bottom. (ceiling to floor).
necessary 3. Work in one direction only.
- Grounds are free from liters and dirt. 4. Walls should be cleaned first before the floor.
5. Use a damp cloth for furniture not destroyed by moisture.
ORDERLINESS 6. Use a dry cloth for electric bulbs and varnished furnitures.
- Facilities and fixtures are properly arranged and installed 7. Never drag the furniture.
in appropriate location. 8. Use sticks with one end wrapped with cloth for holes and
- Room amenities are properly placed. crevices.
- Linens are neatly folded; Beds are made up properly.
- Linens are mitered and are wrinkle-free.
AY 2022 - 2023
2nd Semester
Ms. Judy N. Vasquez, MAN, RN
Prelims - Midterm
01
MEDICAL HANDWASHING
Definition of Terms PORTAL OF ENTRY (How Germs Get In) – Mouth, Cuts in Skin, Eyes
1. Handwashing – the scrubbing of hands thoroughly to MODE OF TRANSMISSION (Germs Get Around) – Contact (hands,
remove dirt and microorganisms toys, sand), Droplets (sneeze, speak, cough)
2. Infection– invasion and growth of microorganisms in the
body
3. Nosocomial Infection – infection acquired in the hospital
setting
4. Contaminate– touching a clean or sterile surface with an
unsterile object or an object that might contain pathogenic
microorganisms
5. Asepsis – the state of being free from disease-causing
microorganisms
6. Pathogens – microorganisms or infectious agents capable of
producing a disease
7. Antiseptic – A substance that stops or slows down the
growth of microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and
fungi on the skin surface (alcohol, hand sanitizer, betadine
LOCALIZED AND SYSTEMIC INFECTION
solution, hydrogen peroxide)
8. Disinfectant – chemicals that kill bacteria, viruses, and fungi LOCALIZED
on nonliving surfaces (Lysol, muriatic acid, chlorine) - an infection that affects only one body part or organ
9. Aseptic Technique – the infection control practice used to - signs of infection: redness, tenderness, swelling/
prevent contamination and transmission of microorganisms. inflammation, pain and loss of function of affected part
10. Medical Handwashing – use practices to reduce the SYSTEMIC
number, growth, and spread of the microorganisms on the - or sepsis, is an infection that affects the entire body and
hands, referred to as the clean technique involves multiple organs
11. Surgical Handwashing – or a surgical hand scrub is done to
remove microorganisms from the hands as possible before STAGES OF INFECTION
a sterile procedure, referred to as a sterile technique
1. INCUBATION PERIOD
PURPOSES OF MEDICAL HANDWASHING / HAND HYGIENE - the time from exposure to an infectious agent until the
onset of symptoms, the exact time frame of incubation
★ To reduce the number of microorganisms on the hands depends on the causative agent.
★ To reduce the risk of transmission of microorganisms to 2. PRODROMAL STAGE
clients
- refers to the period after incubation and before the
★ To reduce the risk of cross-contamination among clients
★ To reduce the risk of transmission of infectious organisms to characteristic symptoms of infection occur, during this
oneself period the infectious agent continues to invade and
multiply in the host. a client may also be infectious to
CHAIN OF INFECTION other persons at this time.
ARPSPM ("A Red Parrot Sings Pretty Melodies")
3. ILLNESS STAGE
- when the client is manifesting specific symptoms of an
AGENT (Germs) – Bacteria, Viruses, Parasites
infectious process.
RESERVOIR (Where Germs Live) – People, Animals / Pets (dogs,
4. CONVALESCENCE STAGE
cats, reptiles), Wild Animals, Food, Soil, Water
- the period or time from when an acute symptom begin to
PORTAL OF EXIT (Portal of Exit) – Mouth (vomit, saliva), Cuts in
disappear until the client returns to the previous state of
the skin (blood), During diapering and toileting (stool)
health
SUSCEPTIBLE HOST (Next Sick Person) – Babies, Children, Elderly,
People with a weakened immune system, Anyone
, TYPES OF HAND HYGIENE CENTER FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION PROMOTES
THE USE OF ALCOHOL-BASED HAND RUBS (FOAM OR GEL?)
1. MEDICAL HANDWASHING
- Handwashing, also known as hand hygiene, is the act of ★ They kill bacteria more effectively and more quickly than hand
cleaning one's hands with soap (or equivalent materials) washing with soap and water
and water to remove viruses/ bacteria/microorganisms, ★ They are less damaging tothe skin than soap and water,
dirt, grease, or other harmful and unwanted substances resulting in less dryness and irritation
stuck to the hands ★ They require less time than hand washing with soap and
2. ANTISEPTIC HAND HYGIENE water.
- Washing hands with soap and water, or other detergents ★ Bottles/ dispensers can be placed at the point of care so they
containing an antiseptic agent. are more accessible.
3. ALCOHOL-BASED HAND RUB ★ Apply to palm of one hand, rub hands together covering all
surfaces until dry
- Applying an antiseptic hand rub to reduce or inhibit the
growth of microorganisms without the need of using
water and requiring no rinsing or drying with towels or
FINGERNAILS AND JEWELRY
other devices.
★ Keep natural nail tips < 1/4 inch in length
4. SURGICAL HANDWASHING/ SCRUBBING
★ No artificial nails or extenders when having direct contact with
- Surgical scrub is an important procedure required to high-risk patients (e.g., ICU, OR) • Removal of all jewelry is
reduce the risk of contamination by microorganisms recommended - microorganisms can lodge in the settings of
during operative procedures. The surgical scrub involves jewelry and under rings.
first decontaminating the hands, then donning a sterile
surgical gown and pair of sterile gloves
COMMON MISSED AREAS WHEN HAND WASHING
★ Between the fingers
THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION RECOMMENDS WASHING ★ Around the fingernails
HANDS FOR AT LEAST 20 SECONDS BEFORE/AFTER THE ★ Back of the thumb
FOLLOWING:
★ Before and after caring for any sick person 5 TYPES OF FAUCET CONTROL
★ Before, during, and after preparing food
★ Before eating 1. Hand-operated Handles
★ After using the toilet (for urination, defecation, menstrual 2. Elbow Controls
hygiene), 3. Knee Levers
★ After helping someone who just used the toilet 4. Foot Pedals
★ After blowing one's nose, or coughing or sneezing 5. Infrared Controls
★ After touching an animal, animal feed or animal waste
★ After touching garbage
★ After coming from hospital
★ After work
WHO RECOMMENDED HAND HYGIENE TECHNIQUE
★ After any travel
★ Hand rub / hand wash
★ 15 - 20 seconds
THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION DEFINES CRITICAL
MOMENTS FOR HEALTHCARE WORKER HAND HYGIENE, USING
'MY 5 MOMENTS FOR HAND HYGIENE APPROACH'.
★ Before touching a patient,
★ Before aseptic procedures,
★ After body fluid exposure/risk,
★ After touching a patient, and
★ After touching patient surroundings
EFFICACY OF HAND HYGIENE PREPARATIONS IN KILLING
BACTERIA IN HEALTH CARE SETTINGS
REFERENCES
Notes from the discussion by Ms. Judy N. Vasquez, MAN, RN
Medical Handwashing PPT
University of – Cebu Banilad
, NCM 103 Laboratory Institutional Housekeeping
AY 2022 - 2023
2nd Semester
Ms. Judy N. Vasquez, MAN, RN
Prelims - Midterm
02
INSTITUTIONAL HOUSEKEEPING
Definition of Terms SANITATION
1. Rest – a bodily state characterized by minimal functional and - the whole area is free from all sources of bacterial
metabolic activities; a state of motionlessness or inactivity; contamination such as undisposed garbage and leftovers,
results in feeling refreshed stagnant water, etc.
2. Safety – freedom from harm or danger; the state of being - Wet trash are properly underlined and covered with
safe; protection from injury plastic, and are disposed of regularly
3. Environment – the world around us; our surroundings - All items for personal use of guests which came in
(natural and man-made surroundings) contact with the body like linens, cutleries, glasses etc.,
4. Lighting – having abundant light and illumination are sanitized with detergents to protect guests from
5. Humidity – refers to the amount of moisture in the air possible bacterial and viral contamination.
6. Temperature – a measurement that indicates how hot or - Glasses and water jugs installed in the guestrooms are
cold something is; measures the environment’s heat and covered.
coldness - Areas are protected from pest infestation and are
7. Ventilation – refers to the movement or circulation of air in regularly fumigated to eliminate parasites.
and out of an area
8. Dusting – removing the dust from the surface of something GUEST’S/PATIENT’S COMFORT
by wiping it - Rooms are properly ventilated and lighted.
9. Housekeeping – refers to the maintenance of cleanliness and - Guests are not disturbed by noise and other forms of
order in residential establishment like a house or a distractions.
condominium - There are sufficient amenities for the comfort of guest
10. Institutional Housekeeping – refers to housekeeping like linens, toiletries, utensils etc.
maintenance in a commercial lodging establishment like - Wall decors and TV sets are posted at an angle
offices, hotels, resorts, inns, dormitory, hospitals, and appropriate for the eye.
apartelles - No eyesores can be found in guest/patient contact areas.
SAFETY
PURPOSES OF MEDICAL INSTITUTIONAL HOUSEKEEPING - Rooms must be free from any hazard like open electrical
outlets, dangling wires, damaged tiles, slippery floors,
1. Prevent the spread of microorganisms from person to broken chairs, etc.
person. - Building must be provided with all required safety
2. Prepare a clean, comfortable, and safe environment for the materials like emergency alarms, fire
guest/ patient. extinguishers/hoses, luminous safety signs, well
3. Keep the guests/ patient unit as attractive as possible. ventilated fire exits. Etc.
4. To render the unit safe and ready for new guests/ patient. - Safety instructions during emergencies are available in all
5. To ensure the cleanliness of the unit and its equipment. rooms
- Trained roving guards are available to check movements
in guests in guest/patient’s rooms and to ensure
STANDARDS OF IDEAL HOUSEKEEPING protection of guests
- Safety instructions during emergencies are available in all
CLEANLINESS rooms.
- All areas are immaculately clean from corner to corner, - Safe emergency procedure (presence of emergency
top to bottom, including surfaces. brigade)
- Closets, cabinets, and storage areas are also kept clean
- Furniture and fixtures are properly dusted, door knobs
and metal fixtures are polished with the right metal PRINCIPLES OF INSTITUTIONAL HOUSEKEEPING
polishing chemical (pledge, armor all, etc.)
- Windows and glass panels are dusted and polished. 1. Have everything ready before starting to work.
- Floors are vacuumed, and polished or washed when 2. Begin working from top to bottom. (ceiling to floor).
necessary 3. Work in one direction only.
- Grounds are free from liters and dirt. 4. Walls should be cleaned first before the floor.
5. Use a damp cloth for furniture not destroyed by moisture.
ORDERLINESS 6. Use a dry cloth for electric bulbs and varnished furnitures.
- Facilities and fixtures are properly arranged and installed 7. Never drag the furniture.
in appropriate location. 8. Use sticks with one end wrapped with cloth for holes and
- Room amenities are properly placed. crevices.
- Linens are neatly folded; Beds are made up properly.
- Linens are mitered and are wrinkle-free.
