MENELIKIIMEDI
CAL&HEALTH
SCIENCESCOLLEGE
DoneBy:
1.Nej
atAl
i
Submitt
edtoMr.
Duedate:1/
5/2023G.
C
,Cont
ent
s
I
NTRODUCTI
ON 2
CLASSI
FICATI
ONOFVI
TAMI
NS 3
FATSOLUBLEVI
TAMI
NS 3
VI
TAMI
NA 3
Vi
tami
nD 5
Vi
tami
nE 6
Vi
tami
nK 8
Wat
er-
sol
ubl
evi
tami
ns 9
Thi
ami
ne(
Vit
ami
nB1) 10
Ri
bof
lavi
n(Vi
tami
nB2) 11
Ni
aci
n(Vi
tami
nB3) 12
Pant
otheni
cAc
id(
Vit
ami
nB5) 13
Vi
tami
nB6 14
Bi
oti
n(Vi
tami
nB7) 16
Vi
tami
nB9 17
Vi
tami
nB12(
Cobal
ami
n) 18
Summar
y 20
Ref
erenc
es 21
1
, I
NTRODUCTI
ON
Vi
tami
ns
Vi
tami
nsar
eor
gani
cmol
ecul
es(
oras
etofc
los
elyr
elat
edmol
ecul
esc
all
edvi
tamer
s)
t
hatar
ees
sent
ialt
oanor
gani
smi
nsmal
lquant
iti
esf
orpr
opermet
abol
icf
unc
tion.
Es
sent
ialnut
rient
scannotbes
ynt
hes
izedi
ntheor
gani
smi
nsuf
fi
ci
entquant
iti
esf
or
s
urvi
val
,andt
her
efor
emus
tbeobt
ainedt
hrought
hedi
et
Vi
tami
nsar
enon-
ener
gypr
oduc
ingor
gani
ccompounds
,es
sent
ialf
ornor
malhuman
met
abol
ism,
thatmus
tbes
uppl
iedi
nsmal
lquant
iti
esi
nthedi
et.
Thi
sdef
ini
ti
on
exc
ludest
hei
nor
gani
ces
sent
ialt
rac
emi
ner
alsandes
sent
ialami
noac
idsandf
att
y
ac
idswhi
char
erequi
redi
nmuc
hlar
gerquant
iti
es.
Others
ubs
tanc
esneededf
or
pr
opergr
owt
hofmi
croor
gani
smsorc
ell
sinc
ult
urear
ecal
led‘
growt
hfac
tor
s.The
di
ff
erentc
hemi
calf
ormsandpr
ecur
sor
sofavi
tami
ncanbec
all
ed
i
tsVi
tamer
s(anal
ogy—i
somer
s).
Thei
mpor
tanc
eofvi
tami
nsasdr
ugsi
spr
imar
il
yint
hepr
event
ionandt
reat
mentof
def
ici
enc
ydi
seas
es.
Somevi
tami
nsdohaveot
herempi
ri
calus
esi
nphar
mac
ologi
cal
dos
es.
Vit
ami
ndef
ici
enc
iesoc
curduet
oinadequat
eint
ake,
mal
-abs
orpt
ion,
i
ncr
eas
edt
iss
ueneeds
,inc
reas
edexc
ret
ion,
cer
tai
ngenet
icabnor
mal
it
iesanddr
ug
vi
tami
nint
erac
tions
.
Vi
tami
ns,
asac
las
s,ar
eover
-pr
omot
ed,
over
-pr
esc
ribedandover
used.
Myt
hsl
ike
‘
theyener
giz
ethebody
’,‘
anyphys
icali
ll
nes
sisac
compani
edbyvi
tami
ndef
ici
enc
y’,
‘
vi
tami
nint
akei
nnor
maldi
eti
spr
ecar
ious
lymar
ginal
’
,‘t
heyar
ehar
mles
s’ar
e
r
ampant
.
Vi
tami
nsar
eus
ual
lydes
ignat
edbys
elec
tedl
ett
ersoft
heal
phabet
,asi
nvi
tami
n
Dorvi
tami
nC,
thought
heyar
eal
sodes
ignat
edbyc
hemi
calnames
,suc
h
asni
aci
nandf
oli
cac
id.
Bioc
hemi
stst
radi
ti
onal
lys
epar
atet
hemi
ntot
wogr
oups
,the
wat
er-
sol
ubl
evi
tami
nsandt
hef
at-
sol
ubl
evi
tami
ns.
Thec
ommonandc
hemi
cal
namesofvi
tami
nsofbot
hgr
oups
,al
ongwi
tht
hei
rmai
nbi
ologi
calf
unc
tionsand
def
ici
enc
ysympt
oms
,ar
eli
stedi
nthet
abl
e.
Regul
ator
yrol
e
Thevi
tami
nsr
egul
ater
eac
tionst
hatoc
curi
nmet
abol
ism,
inc
ont
ras
ttoot
herdi
etar
y
2
CAL&HEALTH
SCIENCESCOLLEGE
DoneBy:
1.Nej
atAl
i
Submitt
edtoMr.
Duedate:1/
5/2023G.
C
,Cont
ent
s
I
NTRODUCTI
ON 2
CLASSI
FICATI
ONOFVI
TAMI
NS 3
FATSOLUBLEVI
TAMI
NS 3
VI
TAMI
NA 3
Vi
tami
nD 5
Vi
tami
nE 6
Vi
tami
nK 8
Wat
er-
sol
ubl
evi
tami
ns 9
Thi
ami
ne(
Vit
ami
nB1) 10
Ri
bof
lavi
n(Vi
tami
nB2) 11
Ni
aci
n(Vi
tami
nB3) 12
Pant
otheni
cAc
id(
Vit
ami
nB5) 13
Vi
tami
nB6 14
Bi
oti
n(Vi
tami
nB7) 16
Vi
tami
nB9 17
Vi
tami
nB12(
Cobal
ami
n) 18
Summar
y 20
Ref
erenc
es 21
1
, I
NTRODUCTI
ON
Vi
tami
ns
Vi
tami
nsar
eor
gani
cmol
ecul
es(
oras
etofc
los
elyr
elat
edmol
ecul
esc
all
edvi
tamer
s)
t
hatar
ees
sent
ialt
oanor
gani
smi
nsmal
lquant
iti
esf
orpr
opermet
abol
icf
unc
tion.
Es
sent
ialnut
rient
scannotbes
ynt
hes
izedi
ntheor
gani
smi
nsuf
fi
ci
entquant
iti
esf
or
s
urvi
val
,andt
her
efor
emus
tbeobt
ainedt
hrought
hedi
et
Vi
tami
nsar
enon-
ener
gypr
oduc
ingor
gani
ccompounds
,es
sent
ialf
ornor
malhuman
met
abol
ism,
thatmus
tbes
uppl
iedi
nsmal
lquant
iti
esi
nthedi
et.
Thi
sdef
ini
ti
on
exc
ludest
hei
nor
gani
ces
sent
ialt
rac
emi
ner
alsandes
sent
ialami
noac
idsandf
att
y
ac
idswhi
char
erequi
redi
nmuc
hlar
gerquant
iti
es.
Others
ubs
tanc
esneededf
or
pr
opergr
owt
hofmi
croor
gani
smsorc
ell
sinc
ult
urear
ecal
led‘
growt
hfac
tor
s.The
di
ff
erentc
hemi
calf
ormsandpr
ecur
sor
sofavi
tami
ncanbec
all
ed
i
tsVi
tamer
s(anal
ogy—i
somer
s).
Thei
mpor
tanc
eofvi
tami
nsasdr
ugsi
spr
imar
il
yint
hepr
event
ionandt
reat
mentof
def
ici
enc
ydi
seas
es.
Somevi
tami
nsdohaveot
herempi
ri
calus
esi
nphar
mac
ologi
cal
dos
es.
Vit
ami
ndef
ici
enc
iesoc
curduet
oinadequat
eint
ake,
mal
-abs
orpt
ion,
i
ncr
eas
edt
iss
ueneeds
,inc
reas
edexc
ret
ion,
cer
tai
ngenet
icabnor
mal
it
iesanddr
ug
vi
tami
nint
erac
tions
.
Vi
tami
ns,
asac
las
s,ar
eover
-pr
omot
ed,
over
-pr
esc
ribedandover
used.
Myt
hsl
ike
‘
theyener
giz
ethebody
’,‘
anyphys
icali
ll
nes
sisac
compani
edbyvi
tami
ndef
ici
enc
y’,
‘
vi
tami
nint
akei
nnor
maldi
eti
spr
ecar
ious
lymar
ginal
’
,‘t
heyar
ehar
mles
s’ar
e
r
ampant
.
Vi
tami
nsar
eus
ual
lydes
ignat
edbys
elec
tedl
ett
ersoft
heal
phabet
,asi
nvi
tami
n
Dorvi
tami
nC,
thought
heyar
eal
sodes
ignat
edbyc
hemi
calnames
,suc
h
asni
aci
nandf
oli
cac
id.
Bioc
hemi
stst
radi
ti
onal
lys
epar
atet
hemi
ntot
wogr
oups
,the
wat
er-
sol
ubl
evi
tami
nsandt
hef
at-
sol
ubl
evi
tami
ns.
Thec
ommonandc
hemi
cal
namesofvi
tami
nsofbot
hgr
oups
,al
ongwi
tht
hei
rmai
nbi
ologi
calf
unc
tionsand
def
ici
enc
ysympt
oms
,ar
eli
stedi
nthet
abl
e.
Regul
ator
yrol
e
Thevi
tami
nsr
egul
ater
eac
tionst
hatoc
curi
nmet
abol
ism,
inc
ont
ras
ttoot
herdi
etar
y
2
