NR 511 Completed Midterm studyMidterm study NR 511 Completed Midterm study guide (2020) Complete A+ Guide.
(2020) Complete A+ Guide. NR 511 Completed Midterm study guide (2020) Complete A+ Guide.
511 Completed Midterm study guide (2020) Complete A+ Guide.
2020) Complete A+ Guide.
NR 511 Completed Midterm study guide (2023) Complete A+
Guide.
Disease Risk Subjective Finding Objective Findings Diagnostics Treatment Education
GI DISORDERS
Appendicitis -Most common -Dx made -May have HTN\ -Labs are not -Surgical; -F\U with surgeon
between 10-30yrs; clinically, based tachy proportional diagnostic preoperative care, -Ambulation
but can occur at any primarily on to pain\symptoms and NPO, correction of after surgery
age; rare in infants H&P exam -When lying flat, nonspecific fluid\electrolyte -Adv diet
and older adults - Classic may flex R knee to -Women should imbalances when bowel
-men more at risk presentation relieve tension in have urine human -Avoid narcotics sounds
- Diets low in fiber, includes acute onset abd muscle chorionic -Atb with 3rd gen return
high in fat, refined of mild to severe -Pain with palpation gonadotrophin to cephalosporin; Ex: -Return to hosp
sugars, & other carbs colicky, epigastric, in abd, diffuse in r\o ectopic ampicillin, with s\s of
at increased risk. or periumbilical pain early stages. pregnancy gentamycin, flagyl infection
- Obstruction of - Pain is vague at Localized to RLQ - +Rovsing’s Sign- -Avoid heavy
appendix is cause of first then localizes later deep palpation & lifting for at least
majority of within 24hrs to -Positive for release in LLQ 2 wks
appendicitis RLQ rebound pain; ask causes rebound
- contributing - Pain exacerbated pt to cough to pain in RLQ
factors: Intra- by walking\ localize pain - +Psoas Sign- lift
abdominal tumors, coughing location R leg against
positive family hx - Men may feel -Sudden cessation gentle pressure
- Recent radiated pain in of pain means causes pain
roundworm testes perforation and is - +Obturator Sign-
infection or viral - Abd muscle ER flex R hip & knee
GI infection rigidity, N\V, and slowly rotate
anorexia internally causes
- Mildly elevated pain
temp 99-100F - +McBurney’s
common Sign- pain with
- If RLQ pressure applied
accompanied by to point between
shaking chills, umbilicus & ilium
perforation should - x-ray\CT helpful
be suspected when paired with
- Older adults may positive H&P
,NR 511 Completed Midterm studyMidterm study NR 511 Completed Midterm study guide (2020) Complete A+ Guide.
(2020) Complete A+ Guide. NR 511 Completed Midterm study guide (2020) Complete A+ Guide.
511 Completed Midterm study guide (2020) Complete A+ Guide.
2020) Complete A+ Guide.
present with findings
weakness, anorexia,
abd distention, mild
pain leading to
delayed dx and
increased morbidity.
Celiac disease ** Mostly diagnosed in Many asymptomatic. Muscle wasting Serologic testing for lifelong adherence to a teaching related to
(autoimmune adulthood. May complain of (anemia), reduces anti-tTG IgA strict gluten-free diet. gluten free diet.
disorder caused by an diarrhea, gas, subcutaneous fat, antibody Some people with
immunologic A family member with dyspepsia, wt loss. ataxia, & peripheral Referral to a dietician celiac disease have
response to gluten) celiac disease or Atypical symptoms: neuropathy (vitamin Total IgA (2% of to help. vitamin or nutrient
dermatitis herpetiformis fatigue, B12 deficiencies) pts have IgA deficiencies that do
bone or joint osteoporosis or deficiency and will Some pts may need not cause them to
Type 1 diabetes pain, arthritis, osteopenia (bone falsely test treatment with feel ill, such as
osteoporosis, or loss) negative) immunomodulating anemia due to iron
duodenal biopsies
,NR 511 Completed Midterm studyMidterm study NR 511 Completed Midterm study guide (2020) Complete A+ Guide.
(2020) Complete A+ Guide. NR 511 Completed Midterm study guide (2020) Complete A+ Guide.
511 Completed Midterm study guide (2020) Complete A+ Guide.
2020) Complete A+ Guide.
Down syndrome or osteopenia (bone loss) hypothyroidism agents. deficiency or bone
Turner syndrome liver and biliary tract Test for nutritional loss due to
disorders Pts with dermatitis deficiencies vitamin D
Autoimmune thyroid (transaminitis, fatty herpetiformis found associated with deficiency.
disease liver, primary to have signs of celiac malabsorption of C.D. However, these
sclerosing cholangitis, disease on intestinal (hemoglobin, iron, deficiencies can
Microscopic colitis depression or anxiety biopsy. folate, vit B12, cause problems
(lymphocytic or peripheral neuropathy Calcium, and Vitamin over the long term.
collagenous colitis) seizures or migraines D.) Untreated
missed menstrual celiac/developing
Addison's disease periods certain types of
infertility or recurrent gastrointestinal
miscarriage cancer. This risk
canker sores inside can be reduced by
the mouth eating a gluten-free
dermatitis diet.
herpetiformis (itchy
skin rash)
Cholelithiasis is the formation of Patient complaint of Right side involuntary Mild elevation of a. Initial management-- Nonsurgical
gallstones and is found indigestion, nausea, guarding of WBC up to 15, 000 begins with definitive intervention: weight
in 90% of patients with vomiting (after abdominal muscles, Abdominal Xray: diagnosis. When loss, avoidance of
cholecystitis. consuming meal high Positive Murphy's Quick, noninvasive, asymptomatic (normally fatty foods to
--Risk factors--2 types of in fat), and pain in sign, possible palpable reliable, and cost- an incidental finding while decrease attacks,
stones (cholesterol and RUG or epigastrium gallbladder, Low effective means of exploring another alternative birth
pigmented) that may radiate to grade fever between identifying the problem) require no control for persons
a. Cholesterol (most the middle of the 99-101 degrees. presence of further treatment except taking oral
common form): female, back, infrascapular Possible jaundice cholelithiasis. teaching s/sx of contraceptives,
obesity, pregnancy, area or right shoulder. from common bile "gallbladder attack". menopausal women
increased age, drug- duct edema and Nonsurgical candidate taking estrogen
induced (oral diminished bowel can be treated with informed about
contraceptives and sounds. dissolution therapy or alternative sources
clofibrates: cholesterol lithotripsy. Acute includes of phytoestrogens
lowering agent), cystic hydration (IV fluids), (soy products).
fibrosis, rapid weight antibiotics, analgesics, GI
loss, spinal cord injury, rest.
Ileal disease with b. Treatment of choice for
extensive resection, Acute cholecystitis is
Diabetes mellitus, early surgical
sickle cell anemia. intervention after
b. Pigmented: hemolytic stabilization. Poor
diseases, increasing surgical risk may benefit
age, hyperalimentation from cholecystectomy
operatively or
percutaneously.
, NR 511 Completed Midterm studyMidterm study NR 511 Completed Midterm study guide (2020) Complete A+ Guide.
(2020) Complete A+ Guide. NR 511 Completed Midterm study guide (2020) Complete A+ Guide.
511 Completed Midterm study guide (2020) Complete A+ Guide.
2020) Complete A+ Guide.
(artificial supply of
nutrients, typically IV),
cirrhosis, biliary stasis,
chronic biliary
infections.
Crohn’s ** Ages 15-25 of onset and Mild-Four or fewer Tenderness in LLQ or Stool analysis to r/o Glucocorticoids, there is Pt educated on
then again at 50-80. loose bowel across entire abd with bacterial, fungal, or no cure for CD and disease process,
Familial tendency, movements per day, guarding and abd parasitic infection for treatment is aimed at diet and lifestyle
smoker can have small distension. DRE cause of diarrhea. suppressing inflammation changes. Stress
Carcinoma less common amounts of blood and performed to look for CBC to check for and symptomatic relief of reduction, adequate
in patients with CD due mucus in the stool, anal and perianal anemia, eval for complications. Initially rest to decrease
to treatment sometimes and cramping in the inflammation, rectal hypocalcemia, vit D oral prednisone 40-60 bowel motility and
colectomy rectum. Moderate-4-6 tenderness, and blood deficiency., mg/d, tapered over 2-4 promote healing.
loose bowel in stool. S/Sx of hypoalbuminemia, months, then can have Low residue diet
movements per day peritonitis and ileus and steatorrhea. LFT daily maintenance dose of when obstructive sx
containing more blood may be found to screen for primary 5-10mg/d. Sulfasalazine present such as
and mucus and other depending on severity sclerosis cholangitis, for mild to moderate CD canned fruits,
sx such as tachycardia, of crohns. Tender and other liver 500 mg BID, increased to vegetables and
weight loss, fever, mass in RLQ, anal problems assoc with 3-4 g/d. Clinical white bread
mild edema. Severe- fissure, perianal IBD. Check fluid and improvement in 3-4 wks,
frequent bloody fissure, edematous electrolytes. May and then tapered to 2-3
bowel movements (6- pale skin tags. Extra have elevated WBC g/d for 3-6 months, this
10), abd pain and intestinal finding may count and sed rate medication interferes
tenderness, sx of be episcleritis, and prolonged with folid acid absorption
anemia, hypovolemia, erythema nodosum, prothrombin time. and patient must take
impaired nutrition. nondeforming Barium upper GI supplements.
Most common sx are peripheral arthritis, series, colonoscopy, Metronidazole effective in
abd and axial arthropathy and CT to determine tx perianal disease and in
cramping/tenderness, bowel wall thickening controlling crohns colitis,
fever, anorexia, wt or abscess formation other ABT’s such as Cipro,
loss, spasm, flatulence, Ampicillin, and
RLQ pain or mass Tetracycline effective in
controlling CD ileitis, and
ileocolitis.
Immunosuppressive meds
when unresponsive to
other treatments.
Diverticulitis ** -Uncommon under -25% develop -LLQ abd tenderness -Abd x-ray can -Asymptomatic cases -Increase fiber in
40yrs; risk rises after symptoms with possible Firm, reveal free air, ileus, managed with high fiber diet to avoid
-Rare in pediatric; equal -LLQ abd pain, worsens fixed mass may be obstruction diet or fiber supplement constipation and
in men\women after eating identified in area of -Barium studies show with psyllium straining
-More common in -Pain sometimes diverticula sinus tracts, fistulas, -Mild symptoms managed -H2O intake of at
(2020) Complete A+ Guide. NR 511 Completed Midterm study guide (2020) Complete A+ Guide.
511 Completed Midterm study guide (2020) Complete A+ Guide.
2020) Complete A+ Guide.
NR 511 Completed Midterm study guide (2023) Complete A+
Guide.
Disease Risk Subjective Finding Objective Findings Diagnostics Treatment Education
GI DISORDERS
Appendicitis -Most common -Dx made -May have HTN\ -Labs are not -Surgical; -F\U with surgeon
between 10-30yrs; clinically, based tachy proportional diagnostic preoperative care, -Ambulation
but can occur at any primarily on to pain\symptoms and NPO, correction of after surgery
age; rare in infants H&P exam -When lying flat, nonspecific fluid\electrolyte -Adv diet
and older adults - Classic may flex R knee to -Women should imbalances when bowel
-men more at risk presentation relieve tension in have urine human -Avoid narcotics sounds
- Diets low in fiber, includes acute onset abd muscle chorionic -Atb with 3rd gen return
high in fat, refined of mild to severe -Pain with palpation gonadotrophin to cephalosporin; Ex: -Return to hosp
sugars, & other carbs colicky, epigastric, in abd, diffuse in r\o ectopic ampicillin, with s\s of
at increased risk. or periumbilical pain early stages. pregnancy gentamycin, flagyl infection
- Obstruction of - Pain is vague at Localized to RLQ - +Rovsing’s Sign- -Avoid heavy
appendix is cause of first then localizes later deep palpation & lifting for at least
majority of within 24hrs to -Positive for release in LLQ 2 wks
appendicitis RLQ rebound pain; ask causes rebound
- contributing - Pain exacerbated pt to cough to pain in RLQ
factors: Intra- by walking\ localize pain - +Psoas Sign- lift
abdominal tumors, coughing location R leg against
positive family hx - Men may feel -Sudden cessation gentle pressure
- Recent radiated pain in of pain means causes pain
roundworm testes perforation and is - +Obturator Sign-
infection or viral - Abd muscle ER flex R hip & knee
GI infection rigidity, N\V, and slowly rotate
anorexia internally causes
- Mildly elevated pain
temp 99-100F - +McBurney’s
common Sign- pain with
- If RLQ pressure applied
accompanied by to point between
shaking chills, umbilicus & ilium
perforation should - x-ray\CT helpful
be suspected when paired with
- Older adults may positive H&P
,NR 511 Completed Midterm studyMidterm study NR 511 Completed Midterm study guide (2020) Complete A+ Guide.
(2020) Complete A+ Guide. NR 511 Completed Midterm study guide (2020) Complete A+ Guide.
511 Completed Midterm study guide (2020) Complete A+ Guide.
2020) Complete A+ Guide.
present with findings
weakness, anorexia,
abd distention, mild
pain leading to
delayed dx and
increased morbidity.
Celiac disease ** Mostly diagnosed in Many asymptomatic. Muscle wasting Serologic testing for lifelong adherence to a teaching related to
(autoimmune adulthood. May complain of (anemia), reduces anti-tTG IgA strict gluten-free diet. gluten free diet.
disorder caused by an diarrhea, gas, subcutaneous fat, antibody Some people with
immunologic A family member with dyspepsia, wt loss. ataxia, & peripheral Referral to a dietician celiac disease have
response to gluten) celiac disease or Atypical symptoms: neuropathy (vitamin Total IgA (2% of to help. vitamin or nutrient
dermatitis herpetiformis fatigue, B12 deficiencies) pts have IgA deficiencies that do
bone or joint osteoporosis or deficiency and will Some pts may need not cause them to
Type 1 diabetes pain, arthritis, osteopenia (bone falsely test treatment with feel ill, such as
osteoporosis, or loss) negative) immunomodulating anemia due to iron
duodenal biopsies
,NR 511 Completed Midterm studyMidterm study NR 511 Completed Midterm study guide (2020) Complete A+ Guide.
(2020) Complete A+ Guide. NR 511 Completed Midterm study guide (2020) Complete A+ Guide.
511 Completed Midterm study guide (2020) Complete A+ Guide.
2020) Complete A+ Guide.
Down syndrome or osteopenia (bone loss) hypothyroidism agents. deficiency or bone
Turner syndrome liver and biliary tract Test for nutritional loss due to
disorders Pts with dermatitis deficiencies vitamin D
Autoimmune thyroid (transaminitis, fatty herpetiformis found associated with deficiency.
disease liver, primary to have signs of celiac malabsorption of C.D. However, these
sclerosing cholangitis, disease on intestinal (hemoglobin, iron, deficiencies can
Microscopic colitis depression or anxiety biopsy. folate, vit B12, cause problems
(lymphocytic or peripheral neuropathy Calcium, and Vitamin over the long term.
collagenous colitis) seizures or migraines D.) Untreated
missed menstrual celiac/developing
Addison's disease periods certain types of
infertility or recurrent gastrointestinal
miscarriage cancer. This risk
canker sores inside can be reduced by
the mouth eating a gluten-free
dermatitis diet.
herpetiformis (itchy
skin rash)
Cholelithiasis is the formation of Patient complaint of Right side involuntary Mild elevation of a. Initial management-- Nonsurgical
gallstones and is found indigestion, nausea, guarding of WBC up to 15, 000 begins with definitive intervention: weight
in 90% of patients with vomiting (after abdominal muscles, Abdominal Xray: diagnosis. When loss, avoidance of
cholecystitis. consuming meal high Positive Murphy's Quick, noninvasive, asymptomatic (normally fatty foods to
--Risk factors--2 types of in fat), and pain in sign, possible palpable reliable, and cost- an incidental finding while decrease attacks,
stones (cholesterol and RUG or epigastrium gallbladder, Low effective means of exploring another alternative birth
pigmented) that may radiate to grade fever between identifying the problem) require no control for persons
a. Cholesterol (most the middle of the 99-101 degrees. presence of further treatment except taking oral
common form): female, back, infrascapular Possible jaundice cholelithiasis. teaching s/sx of contraceptives,
obesity, pregnancy, area or right shoulder. from common bile "gallbladder attack". menopausal women
increased age, drug- duct edema and Nonsurgical candidate taking estrogen
induced (oral diminished bowel can be treated with informed about
contraceptives and sounds. dissolution therapy or alternative sources
clofibrates: cholesterol lithotripsy. Acute includes of phytoestrogens
lowering agent), cystic hydration (IV fluids), (soy products).
fibrosis, rapid weight antibiotics, analgesics, GI
loss, spinal cord injury, rest.
Ileal disease with b. Treatment of choice for
extensive resection, Acute cholecystitis is
Diabetes mellitus, early surgical
sickle cell anemia. intervention after
b. Pigmented: hemolytic stabilization. Poor
diseases, increasing surgical risk may benefit
age, hyperalimentation from cholecystectomy
operatively or
percutaneously.
, NR 511 Completed Midterm studyMidterm study NR 511 Completed Midterm study guide (2020) Complete A+ Guide.
(2020) Complete A+ Guide. NR 511 Completed Midterm study guide (2020) Complete A+ Guide.
511 Completed Midterm study guide (2020) Complete A+ Guide.
2020) Complete A+ Guide.
(artificial supply of
nutrients, typically IV),
cirrhosis, biliary stasis,
chronic biliary
infections.
Crohn’s ** Ages 15-25 of onset and Mild-Four or fewer Tenderness in LLQ or Stool analysis to r/o Glucocorticoids, there is Pt educated on
then again at 50-80. loose bowel across entire abd with bacterial, fungal, or no cure for CD and disease process,
Familial tendency, movements per day, guarding and abd parasitic infection for treatment is aimed at diet and lifestyle
smoker can have small distension. DRE cause of diarrhea. suppressing inflammation changes. Stress
Carcinoma less common amounts of blood and performed to look for CBC to check for and symptomatic relief of reduction, adequate
in patients with CD due mucus in the stool, anal and perianal anemia, eval for complications. Initially rest to decrease
to treatment sometimes and cramping in the inflammation, rectal hypocalcemia, vit D oral prednisone 40-60 bowel motility and
colectomy rectum. Moderate-4-6 tenderness, and blood deficiency., mg/d, tapered over 2-4 promote healing.
loose bowel in stool. S/Sx of hypoalbuminemia, months, then can have Low residue diet
movements per day peritonitis and ileus and steatorrhea. LFT daily maintenance dose of when obstructive sx
containing more blood may be found to screen for primary 5-10mg/d. Sulfasalazine present such as
and mucus and other depending on severity sclerosis cholangitis, for mild to moderate CD canned fruits,
sx such as tachycardia, of crohns. Tender and other liver 500 mg BID, increased to vegetables and
weight loss, fever, mass in RLQ, anal problems assoc with 3-4 g/d. Clinical white bread
mild edema. Severe- fissure, perianal IBD. Check fluid and improvement in 3-4 wks,
frequent bloody fissure, edematous electrolytes. May and then tapered to 2-3
bowel movements (6- pale skin tags. Extra have elevated WBC g/d for 3-6 months, this
10), abd pain and intestinal finding may count and sed rate medication interferes
tenderness, sx of be episcleritis, and prolonged with folid acid absorption
anemia, hypovolemia, erythema nodosum, prothrombin time. and patient must take
impaired nutrition. nondeforming Barium upper GI supplements.
Most common sx are peripheral arthritis, series, colonoscopy, Metronidazole effective in
abd and axial arthropathy and CT to determine tx perianal disease and in
cramping/tenderness, bowel wall thickening controlling crohns colitis,
fever, anorexia, wt or abscess formation other ABT’s such as Cipro,
loss, spasm, flatulence, Ampicillin, and
RLQ pain or mass Tetracycline effective in
controlling CD ileitis, and
ileocolitis.
Immunosuppressive meds
when unresponsive to
other treatments.
Diverticulitis ** -Uncommon under -25% develop -LLQ abd tenderness -Abd x-ray can -Asymptomatic cases -Increase fiber in
40yrs; risk rises after symptoms with possible Firm, reveal free air, ileus, managed with high fiber diet to avoid
-Rare in pediatric; equal -LLQ abd pain, worsens fixed mass may be obstruction diet or fiber supplement constipation and
in men\women after eating identified in area of -Barium studies show with psyllium straining
-More common in -Pain sometimes diverticula sinus tracts, fistulas, -Mild symptoms managed -H2O intake of at
