Summary - Physical Education And Sports Coaching - PES3701

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University of South Africa
Muckleneuk, Pretoria

PES3701/1/2022–2024

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,CONTENTS
 Page
OVERVIEW ix
LEARNING UNIT 1: THE PHILOSOPHY OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION 1
1.1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1.1 DEFINING PHYSICAL EDUCATION 1
1.2 THE PHILOSOPHY OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION 2
1.3 THE TERMINOLOGY OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION 3
1.3.1 SPORT 3
1.3.2 PLAY 3
1.3.3 RECREATION 3
1.4 THE AIMS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION 3
1.5 THE VALUE AND PLACE OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORT FOR LEARNERS 4
1.6 CONCLUSION 5
LEARNING UNIT 2: T HE HISTORY, DEVELOPMENT AND VALUE OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION
AND SPORT 6
2.1 INTRODUCTION 6
2.2 THE DEVELOPMENT OF SPORT AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION THROUGH THE AGES 6
2.2.1 IN PRIMITIVE SOCIETY 7
2.2.2 ANCIENT CIVILISATIONS 7
2.2.3 THE MIDDLE AGES 8
2.2.4 FROM THE REFORMATION TO MODERN TIMES 8
2.2.5 THE MODERN ERA 9
2.3 FACTORS INFLUENCING SPORT IN MODERN TIMES 9
2.4 THE FUNDAMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS AND PARTICULAR NATURE OF SPORT 12
2.5 THE VALUE OF SPORT TO SOCIETY 13
2.5.1 THE EDUCATIONAL VALUE OF SPORT 13
2.5.2 THE SOCIAL VALUE OF SPORT FOR PEOPLE 14
2.5.3 THE PSYCHOLOGICAL VALUE OF SPORT 15
2.5.4 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL VALUE OF SPORT 16
2.5.5 THE ETHICAL VALUE OF SPORT 16
2.5.6 SPORT AS A POLITICAL VALUE AND WEAPON FOR SOCIETY AND THE STATE 18
2.5.7 THE ECONOMIC VALUE OF SPORT FOR THE COMMUNITY 19
2.6 CONCLUSION 20
LEARNING UNIT 3: ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 22
3.1 INTRODUCTION 22
3.2 THE STRUCTURE OF THE BODY 22
3.2.1 CELLS–THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF LIFE 22
3.2.2 THE SKELETON 23
3.2.3 BONES 24
3.2.4 JOINTS 24
3.2.5 MUSCLE AND TENDONS 25
3.2.6 THE NERVOUS SYSTEM 29
3.2.7 THE HEART AND LUNGS (THE CARDIO-RESPIRATORY SYSTEM) 29
3.2.8 INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 30
3.2.9 POSTURE 32
3.3 CONCLUSION 35
LEARNING UNIT 4: GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT 36
4.1 INTRODUCTION 36
4.2 ASPECTS OF GROWTH DEVELOPMENT 37

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, 4.2.1 PHYSICAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT 38
4.2.2 SKELETAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT 41
4.2.3 MUSCULAR GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT 41
4.2.4 CARDIO-RESPIRATORY GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT 41
4.3 LEARNERS AND EXERCISE 42
4.3.1 THE SIX PHASES OF MOTOR DEVELOPMENT 42
4.4 SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE CHILD 44
4.4.1 SELF-IMAGE 44
4.5 MODIFYING SPORT TO SUIT CHILDREN 47
4.5.1 BASKETBALL 47
4.5.2 SOCCER 48
4.6 CONCLUSION 49
LEARNING UNIT 5: TEACHING LEARNERS WITH SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL NEEDS 50
5.1 INTRODUCTION 50
5.2 THE IMPORTANCE OF MOVEMENT AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION 51
5.3 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 53
5.3.1 MEDICATION 54
5.4 SENSORY DISABILITIES 54
5.4.1 DEAF AND HEARING IMPAIRED 54
5.4.2 BLIND AND VISUALLY IMPAIRED 54
5.5 INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 55
5.6 PHYSICAL DISABILITIES 55
5.6.1 AMPUTEES 56
5.6.2 LEARNERS USING WHEELCHAIRS 56
5.6.3 CEREBRAL-PALSIED LEARNERS 57
5.7 TEACHING LEARNERS WITH HEALTH-RELATED CONDITIONS 58
5.7.1 LEARNERS WITH EPILEPSY 58
5.7.2 LEARNERS WITH ASTHMA 59
5.7.3 LEARNERS WITH DIABETES 59
5.7.4 LEARNERS WITH HEART DISEASE 59
5.8 SETTING UP A PHYSICAL EDUCATION PROGRAMME 60
5.9 CONCLUSION 61
LEARNING UNIT 6: TEACHING PHYSICAL EDUCATION 62
6.1 INTRODUCTION 62
6.2 DEVELOPMENT LEVELS 62
6.3 DEVELOPING A YEARLY PROGRAMME 64
6.4 ORGANISATIONAL DETAILS 66
6.5 EFFECTIVE CLASS ORGANISATION 66
6.6 FACILITIES, EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES 66
6.7 CONCLUSION 67
LEARNING UNIT 7: NUTRITION AND FLUID REPLACEMENT IN SPORT 68
7.1 INTRODUCTION 68
7.2 CALORIES 69
7.3 THE ENERGY BALANCE 69
7.4 NUTRIENTS 70
7.4.1 PROTEINS 70
7.4.2 CARBOHYDRATES 70
7.4.3 FAT 71
7.4.4 VITAMINS 71
7.4.5 MINERALS 72
7.4.6 WATER 73
7.4.7 FIBRE 73

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