NUR401 - Midterm Exam (Answered) With Rationale
2023, Complete Verified Solution 100%
Individuals with which of the following personality styles are most likely to be
comfortable in a leadership role?
A. D
B. I
C. S
D. C
A. D
Individuals with "D" (Driver) personality styles like to take charge of projects and are
highly task oriented, making them well-suited to positions of leadership.
What model of organizational change would be most likely to prioritize changing
nurses' feelings over presenting them with new information?
A. The Transtheoretical Model of Health Behavior Change
B. Kotter and Cohen's Model of Change
C. The Change Curve Model
D. Diffusion of Innovations Model
B. Kotter and Cohen's Model of Change
Rationale: Kotter and Cohen proposed that the key to organizational change lies in
helping people to feel differently (i.e., appealing to their emotions). They assert that
individuals change their behavior less when they are given facts or analyses that
change their thinking than when they are shown truths that influence their feelings.
T/F: A SCOT analysis helps clarify the goals and beliefs that underlie a proposed
change to EBP.
False
Rationale: A SCOT analysis aids in the strategic planning for the execution of proposed
change. Identification of the goals and beliefs that inform the change should take place
prior to formal strategic planning.
Feedback loops are a central component of which of the following models for
evidence-based practice change?
A. The Model for Evidence-Based Practice Change
B. The Clinical Scholar Model
C. The ARCC Model
D. The Iowa Model
D. The Iowa Model
Rationale: The Iowa Model includes multiple feedback loops that refer the user back to
earlier points in the process. This is not a central feature of the ARCC Model, the
Clinical Scholar Model, or The Model for Evidence-Based Practice Change.
,T/F: Both The Model for Evidence-Based Practice Change and the Iowa Model
include the use of a small-scale pilot study during the process of introducing an
evidence-based change in practice.
True
Rationale: Pilot studies are explicit components of both The Model for Evidence-Based
Practice Change and the Iowa Model.
When the Stetler Model is used to guide an evidence-based practice change,
which of the following activities will constitute the final phase of the process?
A. Disseminating the results of the practice change
B. Publishing the findings that result from implementation
C. Evaluating the outcomes of the change in practice
D. Implementing a change in practice based on evidence
C. Evaluating the outcomes of the change in practice
Rationale: The Stetler Model of Evidence-Based Practice culminates with an evaluation
of the change in practice. Dissemination is not prescribed in the model and
implementation does not form the "end point" of the implementation process.
T/F: Evidence-based clinical decision-making considers the constraints of a
patient's geographic location while a research utilization (RU) model does not
address this parameter.
True
Rationale: Evidence-based clinical decision-making takes into account patient variables
such as setting. RU is a more simplistic paradigm that solely encompasses the findings
of research.
A rating scale asks patients to gauge their nausea by describing it as "no
nausea," "slightly nauseous," "significantly nauseous," or "severely nauseous."
This scale provides the nurse with data at what level?
A. Nominal
B. Ordinal
C. Interval
D. Ratio
B. Ordinal
Rationale: Likert-type scales like the one presented provide ordinal level data.
Phenomena are scaled in an ascending manner, but it is not possible to extrapolate
insights from the data mathematically.
Which of the following would be the best source for measuring the outcomes
related to a proposed change in the skills mix in the nursing care at a hospital?
A. Finance
B. Human resources
C. Quality management
D. Administration
B. Human resources
, Rationale: Human resource departments are a key source of data surrounding skills
mix, staffing levels, staff demographics, recruitment, and retention. Departments such
as finance, administration, and quality management would be less likely to provide data
on the current skills mix at the hospital.
T/F: The Health Outcomes Institute's Outcomes Management Model provides a
four-step process for the critical appraisal of evidence.
False
Rationale: The Health Outcomes Institute's Outcomes Management Model delineates a
process that can be used to guide measurement of the impact of new interventions on
improving healthcare outcomes. It does not provide a specific process for critical
appraisal of the literature.
Which of the following evaluation indicators can be quantified and statistically
analyzed?
A. Environmental changes
B. Professional expertise
C. Outcome measures
D. Patient-centered quality care
C. Outcome measures
Rationale: Outcome measures are quantifiable healthcare results, such as health
status, death, disability, iatrogenic effects of treatment, health behaviors, and the
economic impact of therapy and illness management. Environmental changes,
professional expertise, and patient-centered quality care are measures that equally
important, but which are more qualitative in nature.
What is the most effective strategy for engaging care providers in a proposed
EBP change?
A. Disseminate the evidence that underlies the change
B. Remind staff of their obligation to provide optimal care
C. Bring in EBP experts to speak to staff members
D. Organize discussions and meetings with EBP mentors
D. Organize discussions and meetings with EBP mentors
Rationale: Interactive discussions between EBP mentors and care providers are an
effective way to increase knowledge and address attitudinal barriers. Other strategies,
such as bringing in outsiders to teach, disseminating research findings, or telling
caregivers that they are obliged to change, are less likely to engage them and foster
genuine change.
T/F: Implementation of EBP is the responsibility of graduate-prepared nurses and
members of the nursing leadership.
False
Rationale: Implementation of EBP in the clinical setting is dependent on broad
engagement and participation from all care providers at all levels, as well as leaders,
administrators, and members of other disciplines.
2023, Complete Verified Solution 100%
Individuals with which of the following personality styles are most likely to be
comfortable in a leadership role?
A. D
B. I
C. S
D. C
A. D
Individuals with "D" (Driver) personality styles like to take charge of projects and are
highly task oriented, making them well-suited to positions of leadership.
What model of organizational change would be most likely to prioritize changing
nurses' feelings over presenting them with new information?
A. The Transtheoretical Model of Health Behavior Change
B. Kotter and Cohen's Model of Change
C. The Change Curve Model
D. Diffusion of Innovations Model
B. Kotter and Cohen's Model of Change
Rationale: Kotter and Cohen proposed that the key to organizational change lies in
helping people to feel differently (i.e., appealing to their emotions). They assert that
individuals change their behavior less when they are given facts or analyses that
change their thinking than when they are shown truths that influence their feelings.
T/F: A SCOT analysis helps clarify the goals and beliefs that underlie a proposed
change to EBP.
False
Rationale: A SCOT analysis aids in the strategic planning for the execution of proposed
change. Identification of the goals and beliefs that inform the change should take place
prior to formal strategic planning.
Feedback loops are a central component of which of the following models for
evidence-based practice change?
A. The Model for Evidence-Based Practice Change
B. The Clinical Scholar Model
C. The ARCC Model
D. The Iowa Model
D. The Iowa Model
Rationale: The Iowa Model includes multiple feedback loops that refer the user back to
earlier points in the process. This is not a central feature of the ARCC Model, the
Clinical Scholar Model, or The Model for Evidence-Based Practice Change.
,T/F: Both The Model for Evidence-Based Practice Change and the Iowa Model
include the use of a small-scale pilot study during the process of introducing an
evidence-based change in practice.
True
Rationale: Pilot studies are explicit components of both The Model for Evidence-Based
Practice Change and the Iowa Model.
When the Stetler Model is used to guide an evidence-based practice change,
which of the following activities will constitute the final phase of the process?
A. Disseminating the results of the practice change
B. Publishing the findings that result from implementation
C. Evaluating the outcomes of the change in practice
D. Implementing a change in practice based on evidence
C. Evaluating the outcomes of the change in practice
Rationale: The Stetler Model of Evidence-Based Practice culminates with an evaluation
of the change in practice. Dissemination is not prescribed in the model and
implementation does not form the "end point" of the implementation process.
T/F: Evidence-based clinical decision-making considers the constraints of a
patient's geographic location while a research utilization (RU) model does not
address this parameter.
True
Rationale: Evidence-based clinical decision-making takes into account patient variables
such as setting. RU is a more simplistic paradigm that solely encompasses the findings
of research.
A rating scale asks patients to gauge their nausea by describing it as "no
nausea," "slightly nauseous," "significantly nauseous," or "severely nauseous."
This scale provides the nurse with data at what level?
A. Nominal
B. Ordinal
C. Interval
D. Ratio
B. Ordinal
Rationale: Likert-type scales like the one presented provide ordinal level data.
Phenomena are scaled in an ascending manner, but it is not possible to extrapolate
insights from the data mathematically.
Which of the following would be the best source for measuring the outcomes
related to a proposed change in the skills mix in the nursing care at a hospital?
A. Finance
B. Human resources
C. Quality management
D. Administration
B. Human resources
, Rationale: Human resource departments are a key source of data surrounding skills
mix, staffing levels, staff demographics, recruitment, and retention. Departments such
as finance, administration, and quality management would be less likely to provide data
on the current skills mix at the hospital.
T/F: The Health Outcomes Institute's Outcomes Management Model provides a
four-step process for the critical appraisal of evidence.
False
Rationale: The Health Outcomes Institute's Outcomes Management Model delineates a
process that can be used to guide measurement of the impact of new interventions on
improving healthcare outcomes. It does not provide a specific process for critical
appraisal of the literature.
Which of the following evaluation indicators can be quantified and statistically
analyzed?
A. Environmental changes
B. Professional expertise
C. Outcome measures
D. Patient-centered quality care
C. Outcome measures
Rationale: Outcome measures are quantifiable healthcare results, such as health
status, death, disability, iatrogenic effects of treatment, health behaviors, and the
economic impact of therapy and illness management. Environmental changes,
professional expertise, and patient-centered quality care are measures that equally
important, but which are more qualitative in nature.
What is the most effective strategy for engaging care providers in a proposed
EBP change?
A. Disseminate the evidence that underlies the change
B. Remind staff of their obligation to provide optimal care
C. Bring in EBP experts to speak to staff members
D. Organize discussions and meetings with EBP mentors
D. Organize discussions and meetings with EBP mentors
Rationale: Interactive discussions between EBP mentors and care providers are an
effective way to increase knowledge and address attitudinal barriers. Other strategies,
such as bringing in outsiders to teach, disseminating research findings, or telling
caregivers that they are obliged to change, are less likely to engage them and foster
genuine change.
T/F: Implementation of EBP is the responsibility of graduate-prepared nurses and
members of the nursing leadership.
False
Rationale: Implementation of EBP in the clinical setting is dependent on broad
engagement and participation from all care providers at all levels, as well as leaders,
administrators, and members of other disciplines.
