Grammar unit 4
Adjectives and adverbs
Form
To form the adverb of an adjective, add -ly
Adjectives that end in -le: -le -> -ly
terrible -> terribly
comfortable -> comfortably
Adjectives that end in a consonant + -y: -y -> -ily
happy -> happily
easy -> easily
Adjectives that end in -ic: +ally
enthusiastic -> enthusiastically
Exceptions
good -> well
fast -> fast
hard -> hard
late -> late
Position of adverbs of manner, place and time (MPT)
Adverbials (= adverbs or adverb phrases) can have several positions in a sentence.
End position is the most common location, especially for adverbs or adverb phrases that
indicate manner, place or time.
Surprisingly, I enjoyed the visit to the park immensely.
We decided to meet each other near the Flamingo valley at 4:00 PM.
When there are more adverbs or adverb phrases at the end of the sentence, the word order
is normally manner – place – time. We call this the MPT rule.
We enjoyed our stay immensely at Longleat last summer.
manner place time
Advice, obligation, orders, permission or prohibition
To express advice, we use should or shouldn’t + infinitive.
You should eat lots of fruit.
You shouldn't forget the other viewpoints on the way to the waterfall.
To express obligation, we use have to or need to + infinitive.
You have to pack sandwiches and lots of snacks.
You need to break in your hiking boots in advance.
To express an order, we use the imperative.
Drink plenty of water.
To express permission, we use can + infinitive.
You can take all the pictures you want.
To express prohibition, we use can't + infinitive or the negative imperative.
You can't leave any trash in the park.
Don’t forget sunscreen.
Adjectives and adverbs
Form
To form the adverb of an adjective, add -ly
Adjectives that end in -le: -le -> -ly
terrible -> terribly
comfortable -> comfortably
Adjectives that end in a consonant + -y: -y -> -ily
happy -> happily
easy -> easily
Adjectives that end in -ic: +ally
enthusiastic -> enthusiastically
Exceptions
good -> well
fast -> fast
hard -> hard
late -> late
Position of adverbs of manner, place and time (MPT)
Adverbials (= adverbs or adverb phrases) can have several positions in a sentence.
End position is the most common location, especially for adverbs or adverb phrases that
indicate manner, place or time.
Surprisingly, I enjoyed the visit to the park immensely.
We decided to meet each other near the Flamingo valley at 4:00 PM.
When there are more adverbs or adverb phrases at the end of the sentence, the word order
is normally manner – place – time. We call this the MPT rule.
We enjoyed our stay immensely at Longleat last summer.
manner place time
Advice, obligation, orders, permission or prohibition
To express advice, we use should or shouldn’t + infinitive.
You should eat lots of fruit.
You shouldn't forget the other viewpoints on the way to the waterfall.
To express obligation, we use have to or need to + infinitive.
You have to pack sandwiches and lots of snacks.
You need to break in your hiking boots in advance.
To express an order, we use the imperative.
Drink plenty of water.
To express permission, we use can + infinitive.
You can take all the pictures you want.
To express prohibition, we use can't + infinitive or the negative imperative.
You can't leave any trash in the park.
Don’t forget sunscreen.
