Chapter 1 Fundamentals of Computer
Data and Information
Data: It represents raw facts and figures. It may be a number,
string(combination of characters), etc.
Eg: Alvis, 6, First
Information: It is meaningful and processed form of data
Eg: Alvis aged 6 years is in first standard.
Data Processing: Data processing is defined as a series of actions or
operations that converts data into useful information.
Data processing phases (6)
1. Capturing data – In this step acquire or collect data from the user to
input into the computer.
2. Input – It is the next step. In this step appropriate data is extracted
and feed into the computer.
3. Storage – The data entered into the computer must be stored
before starting the processing.
4. Processing/Manipulating data – It is a laborious work. It consists of
various steps like computations, classification, comparison,
summarization, etc. that converts input into output.
5. Output of information – In this stage, we will get the results as
information after processing the data.
6. Distribution of information – In this phase the information(result) will
be given to the concerned persons/computers.
Functional units of computer
A computer is not a single unit but it consists of many functional
units(lntended to perform jobs) such as Input unit, Central Processing
Unit(ALU and Control Unit), Storage (Memory) Unit and Output Unit.
1. Input Unit: Its aim is to supply data (Alphanumeric, image , audio,
video, etc.) to the computer for processing. The Input devices are
keyboard, mouse, scanner, mic, camera, etc
Data and Information
Data: It represents raw facts and figures. It may be a number,
string(combination of characters), etc.
Eg: Alvis, 6, First
Information: It is meaningful and processed form of data
Eg: Alvis aged 6 years is in first standard.
Data Processing: Data processing is defined as a series of actions or
operations that converts data into useful information.
Data processing phases (6)
1. Capturing data – In this step acquire or collect data from the user to
input into the computer.
2. Input – It is the next step. In this step appropriate data is extracted
and feed into the computer.
3. Storage – The data entered into the computer must be stored
before starting the processing.
4. Processing/Manipulating data – It is a laborious work. It consists of
various steps like computations, classification, comparison,
summarization, etc. that converts input into output.
5. Output of information – In this stage, we will get the results as
information after processing the data.
6. Distribution of information – In this phase the information(result) will
be given to the concerned persons/computers.
Functional units of computer
A computer is not a single unit but it consists of many functional
units(lntended to perform jobs) such as Input unit, Central Processing
Unit(ALU and Control Unit), Storage (Memory) Unit and Output Unit.
1. Input Unit: Its aim is to supply data (Alphanumeric, image , audio,
video, etc.) to the computer for processing. The Input devices are
keyboard, mouse, scanner, mic, camera, etc
