Chapter : Media and Communication Technology
COMMUNICATION
Comunication is a way of interacting with each other. It is the basic tool for survival.
According to J. Paul Leagan, “ Communication is a process by which two or more persons
exchange ideas, facts and impressions in a way that each gains a common understanding of the
meaning , content and use of messages. ”
According to Rogers, “Communication is a process of transmitting ideas, information and attitudes
from the source to the receiver for the purpose of influencing with intent.”
It is a two way process in which one is sender who sends the message and a receiver who gets the
message and reverses the feedback.
CLASSIFICATION AND TYPES OF COMMUNICATION
Communication can be classified on the basis of depending on the levels, types, forms and modes.
A. Classification based on the type of interaction
(i) One-way communication: In such situations the receiver receives information but is either never
able to reciprocate to the sender or cannot respond immediately. Therefore, communication remains
one–way. Speeches, lectures, sermons, listening to music on the radio or a music system, watching
any entertainment programmes on television, using internet to search information on a website, etc.,
are examples of one-way communication.
(ii) Two-way communication: This is communication that takes place between two or more persons
where all the parties communicating with each other share or exchange ideas, thoughts, information,
etc., either silently or verbally. Some of the examples could be talking on mobile phone, discussing
about future plans with one’s mother, using internet for chatting, etc
When a baby cries to communicate her/his hunger, she/he is fed by the mother in response. The cry
of the baby is the message that communicates the hunger of the child and is vital for the survival of
the baby. Thus, in this case the communication is two-way.
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, B. Classification based on the levels of communication
1. Intrapersonal communication: This refers to communicating with oneself. This is a form of
mental process involving observing, analysing, and drawing conclusions meaningful to the
individual’s present, past and future behaviour and life. It is an on-going process that transpires
inside an individual. For instance, mental rehearsal before appearing in an interview or oral exam,
used by people in religious and spiritual practices, ashrams and places of worship and prayer.
2. Interpersonal communication: It refers to sharing of thoughts and ideas with one or more people
in a face-to-face situation. It can take place in a formal or an informal situation. Varied means of
communication like body movements, facial expressions, gestures, postures, written text and verbal
modes such as words and sounds can be used for this type of communication. Examples are talking
to your friend about difficulties faced while studying or conducting an experiment or participating in
a panel discussion followed by question-answer session.
There are two types of interpersonal communication:
Verbal Communication: Verbal communication is conversation using language that both or
all the parties concerned understand. Auditory means or verbal modes like speaking, singing
and sometimes even the tone of voice, etc., are of significance in verbal communication.
Non Verbal Communication: It is sending and receiving wordless messages. These include
gestures, body language , style, emotions, eye contact , touch etc of the speaker.
Non verbal communication helps the receiver to understand and interpret the message. Some
times non verbal message contradicts the verbal message or communication. It affects the
effectiveness of the message . Non verbal communication consists of the following elements:
(i) Personal appearance of the speaker : Clothes, dressing style, hairstyle, neatnes,
surroundings, furnishings and decoration around.
(ii) Body language: Facial expression, gestures, and posture.
(iii) Sound: Voice tone, volume, speed of speech and voice modulation.
3. Group Communication: This form of communication is direct and personal, such as inter-
personal communication, but with the involvement of more than two persons in the communication
process. Group communication helps to facilitate a participatory approach and collective decision-
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COMMUNICATION
Comunication is a way of interacting with each other. It is the basic tool for survival.
According to J. Paul Leagan, “ Communication is a process by which two or more persons
exchange ideas, facts and impressions in a way that each gains a common understanding of the
meaning , content and use of messages. ”
According to Rogers, “Communication is a process of transmitting ideas, information and attitudes
from the source to the receiver for the purpose of influencing with intent.”
It is a two way process in which one is sender who sends the message and a receiver who gets the
message and reverses the feedback.
CLASSIFICATION AND TYPES OF COMMUNICATION
Communication can be classified on the basis of depending on the levels, types, forms and modes.
A. Classification based on the type of interaction
(i) One-way communication: In such situations the receiver receives information but is either never
able to reciprocate to the sender or cannot respond immediately. Therefore, communication remains
one–way. Speeches, lectures, sermons, listening to music on the radio or a music system, watching
any entertainment programmes on television, using internet to search information on a website, etc.,
are examples of one-way communication.
(ii) Two-way communication: This is communication that takes place between two or more persons
where all the parties communicating with each other share or exchange ideas, thoughts, information,
etc., either silently or verbally. Some of the examples could be talking on mobile phone, discussing
about future plans with one’s mother, using internet for chatting, etc
When a baby cries to communicate her/his hunger, she/he is fed by the mother in response. The cry
of the baby is the message that communicates the hunger of the child and is vital for the survival of
the baby. Thus, in this case the communication is two-way.
1
, B. Classification based on the levels of communication
1. Intrapersonal communication: This refers to communicating with oneself. This is a form of
mental process involving observing, analysing, and drawing conclusions meaningful to the
individual’s present, past and future behaviour and life. It is an on-going process that transpires
inside an individual. For instance, mental rehearsal before appearing in an interview or oral exam,
used by people in religious and spiritual practices, ashrams and places of worship and prayer.
2. Interpersonal communication: It refers to sharing of thoughts and ideas with one or more people
in a face-to-face situation. It can take place in a formal or an informal situation. Varied means of
communication like body movements, facial expressions, gestures, postures, written text and verbal
modes such as words and sounds can be used for this type of communication. Examples are talking
to your friend about difficulties faced while studying or conducting an experiment or participating in
a panel discussion followed by question-answer session.
There are two types of interpersonal communication:
Verbal Communication: Verbal communication is conversation using language that both or
all the parties concerned understand. Auditory means or verbal modes like speaking, singing
and sometimes even the tone of voice, etc., are of significance in verbal communication.
Non Verbal Communication: It is sending and receiving wordless messages. These include
gestures, body language , style, emotions, eye contact , touch etc of the speaker.
Non verbal communication helps the receiver to understand and interpret the message. Some
times non verbal message contradicts the verbal message or communication. It affects the
effectiveness of the message . Non verbal communication consists of the following elements:
(i) Personal appearance of the speaker : Clothes, dressing style, hairstyle, neatnes,
surroundings, furnishings and decoration around.
(ii) Body language: Facial expression, gestures, and posture.
(iii) Sound: Voice tone, volume, speed of speech and voice modulation.
3. Group Communication: This form of communication is direct and personal, such as inter-
personal communication, but with the involvement of more than two persons in the communication
process. Group communication helps to facilitate a participatory approach and collective decision-
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