Campbell Biology in focus, 3rd edition Final Study Guide with Guided Question & Answers 100% APROVED

Campbell Biology in focus, 3rd edition Final Study Guide with Guided Question & Answers 100% APPROVED cell resperation equation correct answers C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 -- 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O + ATP NAD+ vs NADH correct answers NADH does have electrons (has electrons are with it) NAD+ does not have electrons (electron carrier) Location of glycolysis, formation of acetyl CoA, citric acid cycle, and ETC correct answers Cytosol (glycolysis) and mitochondrial matrix (rest) Substrate level phosphorylation correct answers When a phosphoryl group is transferred from a substrate to ADP or GDP to form ATP or GTP, coupled with the release of free energy. Glycolysis end products correct answers two pyruvate (pyruvic acid) molecules, a total of four ATP molecules, and two molecules of NADH. Formation of acetyl-CoA correct answers oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate from glycolysis, which occurs in mitochondrial matrix, by oxidation of long-chain fatty acids, or by oxidative degradation of certain amino acids. Glycolysis = 2 pyruvate (every stage after ward is X 2) correct answers Glucose + 2 NAD+ + 2 ADP + 2 Pi -- 2 Pyruvate + 2 NADH + 2 H+ + 2 ATP + 2 H2O Citric acid cycle correct answers A series of chemical reactions to release stored energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Food → NADH → ETC → Oxygen correct answers Aerobic respiration Role of oxygen in cellular respiration correct answers serves as the final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain facilitating the movement of electrons down the chain hence producing the ATP or adenosine triphosphate. Proton (H+) gradient in ETC correct answers Used to synthesize ATP Muscle cells → lactate without oxygen correct answers Lactic acid fermentation without oxygen present Yeast and alcohol fermentation correct answers Yeast cells convert cereal-derived sugars into ethanol and CO 2 Allows the production of ATP Light reaction of photosynthesis (role) correct answers Capture energy from sunlight Take place in thylakoid membrane Make ATP and NADPH that are used to fuel the Calvin Cycle Green light is reflected (plants look green) correct answers The do not absorb the green light, therefore it is reflected Location of light reaction and calvin cycle correct answers Light reaction take place in the thylakoid membrane Calvin cycle takes place in the stroma Photosynthesis VS. Cellular respiration correct answers Photosynthesis converts carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and glucose. Glucose is used as food by the plant and oxygen is a by-product. (stores energy) Cellular respiration converts oxygen and glucose into water and carbon dioxide. Water and carbon dioxide are by- products and ATP is energy that is transformed from the process. (releases energy) Calvin cycle (role) correct answers a process that plants and algae use to turn carbon dioxide from the air into sugar, the food autotrophs need to grow. Takes place in the stroma of the chloroplast Requires ATP and NADPH to occur What is required for the calvin cycle? correct answers ATP and NADPH Calvin Cycle VS. Light Reaction correct answers The key difference between light reaction and Calvin cycle is the dependence of light in each type of reaction in photosynthesis. CAM plants correct answers plants close their stomata during the day, collect CO2 at night, and store the CO2 in the form of acids until it is needed during the day for photosynthesis