By\King of pathology( Legand – Hazem )
- Some important notes you must know before studying parasitology:-
Types of hosts:- قراءة
- Definitive host = D.H = Final host :
It is host that contain adult stage of parasite & sexual multiplication
of parasite takes place in.
- Intermediate host = I.H :
It is the host that contain larval stage of parasite in w` asexual
multiplication of parasite takes place in.
- Reservoir host = R.H :
Animals that carry some species of parasite as man & act as
continuous source for human infection.
Mode of parasitic infection : يحفظ
1- Trans-placental : from mother to her fetus. Ex : toxoplasma.
2- Trans-mammary : through mother`s milk. Ex : ancylostoma.
3- Through skin : during contact e` infected soil or H 2O. Ex : ancylostoma.
4- Through mucous membrane : Ex : trichomonus vaginalis in vaginal m .m
5- Ingestion of contaminated food or drink . Ex : fasciola.
6- Ingestion of improper cooked meat. Ex: taenia solium & taenia saginata.
7- Infected blood sucking arthropod. Ex : malaria.
8- Vectors. Ex: biological & mechanical vectors.
9- Inhalation of eggs. Ex : entrobius.
10- Blood transfusion from infected persons. Ex : malaria.
11- After organ transplantation. Ex : toxoplasma.
12- Along nerve sheath. Ex: naegleria fowleri.
13- Auto-infection : the patient reinfects himself :-
- External : from anus to mouth by fingers. Ex: cystcercosis.
- Internal : by anti-peristaltic movement . Ex: entrobius.
- Super-infection.
14- Domestic animals :
- Cats. Ex: toxoplasma.
- Dogs. Ex : hydatid dse.
, Parasitology include قراءة
Medical helminthology: Medical protozology: Medical entomology:
Deal e` worms Deal e` unicellular parasite. Deal e` arthropod
= (helminthes). that transmit dse.
Phylum: to man.
Phylum: Phylum: Protozoa.
Flat worms. Round worms. Phylum:
Arthropod.
Trematoda Cestoda
= Flukes. =Tape worms. Nematoda
, Parasitology
1st term.
Trematoda – Cestoda – Nematoda.
. لكل الديدانHabitat قاعدة
1) Ileo ceacal junction , appendix , colon :-
- Enterobius vermicularis ( oxyuris ).
- Trichuris trichura.
2) Small intestine of D.H , R.H :-
All trematoda except Schistosoma species.
Paragonimus westermani.
Cestoda : Diphyllobothrium latum.
Nematoda : Trichinella spiralis.
Trichstrongylus colubriformis.
3) Strongyloides stercoralis : الوحيدة
Light infection Upper S.I
Heavy infection S.I / L.I / bile duct / pancreatic duct.
4) Small intestine of D.H :
5) Capsulated in pairs in pockets in lung : Paragonimus westermani.
6) Bile duct of D.H , R.H : Fasciola Gigantica
Hepatica
D.H : All man except :
Ecchinococcus granulosus :- Carnivorous animals.
Multiceps multiceps :- Carnivorous animals.
R.H : 1) Trematoda : Faciola hepatica : Sheep.
Faciola gigantica : Herbivorous animals.
Faciolopsis buski : Dog + pig.
Heterophyes heterophyes : Dog + cat.
Metagonimus yokogawi : Dog + cat + pig.
2) Cestoda : Dog + cat 2D Diphyllobothrium latum .
Dipylidium caninum.
Rat + mice 2H H. nana.
H. diminuta.
3) Nematoda : Trichinella spiralis : Pigs + rats.
Trichostrongylus colubrifermis : Cattles + camels.
I.H : (Nematoda ) الخاص بـ: No I.H in nematodes except 2 worms:-
Trichinella spiralis man act as D.h , I.H at same time.
Capillaria phillippinensis Shell fish.
, N.B : Intestinal disturbance include:- (Pathogenesis ) قاعدة
Nausea – vomiting – diarrhea – dysentery – colic – indigestion
If small if large
intestine parasite. intestine parasite.
************* االسطمبة **********
CNS. Manifestations in Cestodes :
Insomnia Due to absorption of
Irritability include parasite toxic products.
Nervousness
Convulsions
( Control ) قاعدة
1) Mass ttt of infected cases.
2) Sanitary disposal of human excreta. 3 المعروفين دائما إلى آخر المنهج
3) Pure food & water supply.
فقط. cestodes الخاصة بالـDiagnosis قاعدة
1) Clinical : Signs , symptoms of dse.
2) Laboratory : Direct :- المكتوب فى الجدول
Indirect :- Serological test as ELISA , IFAT
for detection of Abs in ptns serum
during migratory phase of worm.
Trematoda + flukes قراءة وفهم
Liver flukes Intestinal flukes Lung flukes Blood
-Fasciola gigantica. -Fasciolopsis buski. -Paragonimus Flukes
-Fasciola hepatica. -Heterophys Heterophys. westermany. Schistosoma
-Metagonimus yokogawi. species.
S. haematobium S. mansoni S.jabonicum
= urinary S. =intestinal S. =oriental S.
N.B In schistosoma :- No redia stage.
No Encysted metacercaria.
But infective stage in furcocercus cercaria.
- Some important notes you must know before studying parasitology:-
Types of hosts:- قراءة
- Definitive host = D.H = Final host :
It is host that contain adult stage of parasite & sexual multiplication
of parasite takes place in.
- Intermediate host = I.H :
It is the host that contain larval stage of parasite in w` asexual
multiplication of parasite takes place in.
- Reservoir host = R.H :
Animals that carry some species of parasite as man & act as
continuous source for human infection.
Mode of parasitic infection : يحفظ
1- Trans-placental : from mother to her fetus. Ex : toxoplasma.
2- Trans-mammary : through mother`s milk. Ex : ancylostoma.
3- Through skin : during contact e` infected soil or H 2O. Ex : ancylostoma.
4- Through mucous membrane : Ex : trichomonus vaginalis in vaginal m .m
5- Ingestion of contaminated food or drink . Ex : fasciola.
6- Ingestion of improper cooked meat. Ex: taenia solium & taenia saginata.
7- Infected blood sucking arthropod. Ex : malaria.
8- Vectors. Ex: biological & mechanical vectors.
9- Inhalation of eggs. Ex : entrobius.
10- Blood transfusion from infected persons. Ex : malaria.
11- After organ transplantation. Ex : toxoplasma.
12- Along nerve sheath. Ex: naegleria fowleri.
13- Auto-infection : the patient reinfects himself :-
- External : from anus to mouth by fingers. Ex: cystcercosis.
- Internal : by anti-peristaltic movement . Ex: entrobius.
- Super-infection.
14- Domestic animals :
- Cats. Ex: toxoplasma.
- Dogs. Ex : hydatid dse.
, Parasitology include قراءة
Medical helminthology: Medical protozology: Medical entomology:
Deal e` worms Deal e` unicellular parasite. Deal e` arthropod
= (helminthes). that transmit dse.
Phylum: to man.
Phylum: Phylum: Protozoa.
Flat worms. Round worms. Phylum:
Arthropod.
Trematoda Cestoda
= Flukes. =Tape worms. Nematoda
, Parasitology
1st term.
Trematoda – Cestoda – Nematoda.
. لكل الديدانHabitat قاعدة
1) Ileo ceacal junction , appendix , colon :-
- Enterobius vermicularis ( oxyuris ).
- Trichuris trichura.
2) Small intestine of D.H , R.H :-
All trematoda except Schistosoma species.
Paragonimus westermani.
Cestoda : Diphyllobothrium latum.
Nematoda : Trichinella spiralis.
Trichstrongylus colubriformis.
3) Strongyloides stercoralis : الوحيدة
Light infection Upper S.I
Heavy infection S.I / L.I / bile duct / pancreatic duct.
4) Small intestine of D.H :
5) Capsulated in pairs in pockets in lung : Paragonimus westermani.
6) Bile duct of D.H , R.H : Fasciola Gigantica
Hepatica
D.H : All man except :
Ecchinococcus granulosus :- Carnivorous animals.
Multiceps multiceps :- Carnivorous animals.
R.H : 1) Trematoda : Faciola hepatica : Sheep.
Faciola gigantica : Herbivorous animals.
Faciolopsis buski : Dog + pig.
Heterophyes heterophyes : Dog + cat.
Metagonimus yokogawi : Dog + cat + pig.
2) Cestoda : Dog + cat 2D Diphyllobothrium latum .
Dipylidium caninum.
Rat + mice 2H H. nana.
H. diminuta.
3) Nematoda : Trichinella spiralis : Pigs + rats.
Trichostrongylus colubrifermis : Cattles + camels.
I.H : (Nematoda ) الخاص بـ: No I.H in nematodes except 2 worms:-
Trichinella spiralis man act as D.h , I.H at same time.
Capillaria phillippinensis Shell fish.
, N.B : Intestinal disturbance include:- (Pathogenesis ) قاعدة
Nausea – vomiting – diarrhea – dysentery – colic – indigestion
If small if large
intestine parasite. intestine parasite.
************* االسطمبة **********
CNS. Manifestations in Cestodes :
Insomnia Due to absorption of
Irritability include parasite toxic products.
Nervousness
Convulsions
( Control ) قاعدة
1) Mass ttt of infected cases.
2) Sanitary disposal of human excreta. 3 المعروفين دائما إلى آخر المنهج
3) Pure food & water supply.
فقط. cestodes الخاصة بالـDiagnosis قاعدة
1) Clinical : Signs , symptoms of dse.
2) Laboratory : Direct :- المكتوب فى الجدول
Indirect :- Serological test as ELISA , IFAT
for detection of Abs in ptns serum
during migratory phase of worm.
Trematoda + flukes قراءة وفهم
Liver flukes Intestinal flukes Lung flukes Blood
-Fasciola gigantica. -Fasciolopsis buski. -Paragonimus Flukes
-Fasciola hepatica. -Heterophys Heterophys. westermany. Schistosoma
-Metagonimus yokogawi. species.
S. haematobium S. mansoni S.jabonicum
= urinary S. =intestinal S. =oriental S.
N.B In schistosoma :- No redia stage.
No Encysted metacercaria.
But infective stage in furcocercus cercaria.
