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Sumario Alcanos

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Este documento constituye un resumen de las principales características, nomenclatura, etc de los alcanos.

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Alcanos @Thaliaar
¿Qué son? Serie homóloga
Los alcanos son compuestos con Los primeros 5 elementos de la serie
enlaces covalentes, de gran estabilidad. homóloga de los alcanos son:
Son sustancias poco polares. Se
encuentran en la naturaleza formando Fórmula Fórmula
Nombre
parte del petróleo y del gas natural. global semidesarrollada

𝐶𝐻4 𝐶𝐻4 Metano
Fórmula global
𝐶2 𝐻6 𝐶𝐻3 − 𝐶𝐻3 Etano
Alcanos alifáticos (de cadena lineal)
𝐶3 𝐻8 𝐶𝐻3 − 𝐶𝐻2 − 𝐶𝐻3 Propano

𝐂𝐧 𝐇𝟐𝐧+𝟐 𝐶4 𝐻10 𝐶𝐻3 − (𝐶𝐻2 )2 − 𝐶𝐻3 Butano
Cicloalcanos
𝐶5 𝐻12 𝐶𝐻3 − (𝐶𝐻2 )3 − 𝐶𝐻3 Pentano

𝐂𝐧 𝐇𝟐𝐧
n – es el número de átomos de carbono.


Isomería
La isomería presente en los alcanos es
la isomería de cadena.

Isomería de cadena: = fórmula global,
≠ orden o estructura de sus cadenas.

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Written in
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