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Question 1
S. is a 59-year-old female who has been followed for several
years for aortic regurgitation. Serial echocardiography has
demonstrated normal ventricular function, but the patient
was lost to follow-up for the last 16 months and now
presents complaining of activity intolerance and weight gain.
Physical examination reveals a grade IV/VI diastolic aortic
murmur and 2+ lower extremity edema to the midcalf. The
AGACNP considers which of the following as the most
appropriate management strategy?
A. Serial echocardiography every 6 months B. Begin a
calcium channel antagonist
C. Begin an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)
inhibitor D.
Surgical consultation and intervention
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C. Begin an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor
The patient is having grade 6 diastolic aortic murmur. The
murmur is not accompanied by any serious complications
because there is a 2+ lower extremity edema to the
midcalf. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor
lowers the blood pressure. High blood pressure often
worsens the underlying conditions that cause heart
murmurs. Beginning an angiotensin converting enzyme
(ACE) inhibitor will help in the management of diastolic
aortic murmur by dealing with the conditions that cause
heart murmurs. A surgery would be used only when the
valves are damaged or leaky
Reference
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-
murmurs/diagnosis-treatment/drc- 20373175
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Question 2
An ascending thoracic aneurysm of > 5.5 cm is universally
considered an indication for surgical repair, given the poor
outcomes with sudden rupture. Regardless of the aneurysm’s
size, all of the following are additional indications for immediate
operation except:
A. Comorbid Marfan’s syndrome
B. Enlargement of > 1 cm since diagnosis
C. Crushing chest pain
D. History of giant cell arteritis
C. crushing chest pain
Prophylactic surgery is recommended when the aorta
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reaches a diameter of 5.5 cm, when the patient falls under
the Marfan syndrome bicuspid aortic valve category, when
the enlargement is greater than 0.5 cm, and when the
patient has a history of fast-growing cell arteritis. Marfan
syndrome is a connective tissue condition that involves the
respiratory, skeletal, cardiovascular and ocular systems. It
is one of the most serious complication of aortic valve
regurgitations and needs an immediate surgery. For this
reason, a crushing chest pain is the odd one out Reference
https://
www.sciencedirect.com/
science/article/pii/S235290671500010X
Question 3
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