GCSE BIOLOGY Foundation Tier best rating FINAL Paper 1F JUNE 2022

GCSE BIOLOGY Foundation Tier Paper 1F JUNE 2022 Time allowed: 1 hour 45 minutes Materials For this paper you must have: • a ruler • a scientific calculator. Instructions • Use black ink or black ball-point pen. • Pencil should only be used for drawing. • Fill in the boxes at the top of this page. • Answer all questions in the spaces provided. • If you need extra space for your answer(s), use the lined pages at the end of this book. Write the question number against your answer(s). • Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked. • In all calculations, show clearly how you work out your answer. Information • The maximum mark for this paper is 100. • The marks for questions are shown in brackets. • You are expected to use a calculator where appropriate. • You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers. *JUN22 4611F01* IB/M/Jun22/E18 8461/1F Answer all questions in the spaces provided. box HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a pathogen. . How is HIV spread from one person to another person? Tick () one box. [1 mark] Coughing Sexual intercourse Touching door handles Table 1 shows information about new cases of HIV diagnosed in the UK. Table 1 Year Number of new HIV cases 2010 2642 2014 2767 2018 1530 . Describe what happened to the number of new cases of HIV from 2010 to 2018. [2 marks] . What could cause a decrease in the number of new HIV cases in the future? Tick () one box. [1 mark] box A higher population of people in the UK A lower number of trained HIV nurses Better education on how to prevent the spread of HIV 0 1 . 4 Scientists have been working to produce a vaccine for HIV for many years. How could a vaccine work to prevent a person being infected with HIV? Write the stages A, B, C, D and E in the correct order. [3 marks] The first stage has been completed for you. A Antibodies attach to the inactive virus. B Antibodies destroy the inactive virus. C An inactive form of the virus is injected into the body. D If the active virus enters the body, antibodies are produced quickly. E White blood cells produce antibodies to the inactive virus. Question 1 continues on the next page Turn over ► . When scientists produce a vaccine for a disease the vaccine is tested on live animals. box What is the next stage in testing the vaccine? Tick () one box. [1 mark] Testing on cells in a laboratory Testing on healthy volunteers Testing on the whole human population . A vaccine for HIV is important because it is difficult to develop safe drugs to destroy viruses. Why is it difficult to develop safe drugs to destroy viruses? Tick () one box. [1 mark] Drugs that destroy viruses also damage body tissues. There are too many viruses for the drugs to destroy. Viruses are too big for the drugs to destroy. . Some drugs originated from plants. Draw one line from each drug to the plant the drug originated from. [2 marks] box Drug Plant the drug originated from Turn over for the next question Turn over ► box . What fraction of the cells in Figure 1 is dividing by mitosis? Tick () one box. [1 mark] . The cells which are not dividing in Figure 1 each contain 10 chromosomes. One of these cells divides by mitosis to produce two new cells. How many chromosomes will each new cell contain after mitosis? Tick () one box. 5 10 15 20 . Cells divide in a series of stages called the cell cycle. Complete the sentences. Choose answers from the box. [1 mark] [3 marks] box contracts divides grows reacts relaxes replicates Before mitosis occurs, the cell . The genetic material in the cell doubles when the DNA . After the chromosomes have been pulled to each end of the cell, the cytoplasm . Question 2 continues on the next page *07* Turn over ► box . . *0* Which stage of the cell cycle takes the most time? Tick () one box. What percentage of time in the cell cycle is stage A? Tick () one box. 5% 10% 15% 25% [1 mark] [1 mark] Stem cells divide by mitosis. Scientists can use stem cells from an embryo to create heart cells in a laboratory. box . Which organ system contains heart cells? Tick () one box. [1 mark] Circulatory system Digestive system Nervous system Respiratory system . Name one medical condition that could be treated using heart cells created from an embryo. [1 mark] . Give one reason why a patient may not want to be treated with heart cells created from an embryo. [1 mark] Turn over for next question Turn over ► A scientist investigated the rate of photosynthesis of one type of tomato plant. The tomato plants were grown in a greenhouse. Table 2 shows the results. Table 2 Percentage (%) concentration of carbon dioxide in the air Rate of photosynthesis in arbitrary units 0.00 0 0.02 5 0.04 16 0.06 19 0.08 20 0.10 20 0.12 20 . Which range of carbon dioxide concentrations caused the rate of photosynthesis to change the most? box [1 mark] Tick () one box. From 0.00% to 0.02% From 0.02% to 0.04% From 0.04% to 0.06% From 0.06% to 0.08%