TE
RM 02
COMMON HEALTH PROBLEMS IN TODDLERS
BURNS 4) Use a cool (54 degrees F.) saline solution to cool the area for
15-30 minutes. Avoid ice or freezing the injured tissue
5) Wash the area thoroughly with plain soap and water. Dry the
area with a clean towel. Ruptured blisters should be removed,
but the management of clean, intact blisters is controversial
6) If immediate medical care is unavailable or unnecessary,
antibiotic ointment may be applied after thorough cleaning and
before the clean gauze dressing is applied
CLASSIFICATION OF BURNS
SUPERFICIAL
• Very painful, dry, red burns which blanch with pressure.
• They usually take 3 to 7 days to heal without scarring.
• Also known as first-degree burns.
• The most common type of first-degree burn is sunburn.
• First-degree burns are limited to the epidermis or upper layers
of skin
SUPERFICIAL PARTIAL-THICKNESS
• Very painful burns sensitive to temperature change and air
exposure.
• More commonly referred to as second-degree burns.
• Typically, they blister and are moist, red, weeping burns which
blanch with pressure.
• They heal in 7 to 21 days.
• Scarring is usually confined to changes in skin pigment
DEEP PARTIAL-THICKNESS
• Blistering or easily unroofed burns which are wet or waxy dry,
and are painful to pressure.
• Their color may range from patchy, cheesy white to red, and
they do not blanch with pressure.
• They take over 21 days to heal and scarring may be severe. FACIAL BURNS
• It is sometimes difficult to differentiate these burns from full- • Surface
thickness burns • Ocular
• Airway
FULL-THICKNESS • Singed Nasal Hairs
• Burns which cause the skin to be waxy white to a charred black • Airway edema
and tend to be painless. • Glossal Swelling
• Healing is very slow, if at all, and may require skin grafting. • Epiglottic edema
Severe scarring usually occurs • Glottic edema
• Rapidly progressive deterioration
TREATMENT
SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS
1) Treatment should begin immediately to cool the area of the
burn. This will help alleviate pain. SCALDING
2) For deep partial-thickness burns or full- thickness burns, begin
• typically result from hot water, grease, oil or tar.
immediate plans to transport the victim to competent medical
care. • Immersion scalds tend to be worse than spills, because the
3) Remove any hot or burned clothing contact with the hot solution is longer.
• They tend to be deep and severe and should be evaluated by a
physician.
NCM 109: MOTHER AND CHILD AT RISK --- FINALS GILLIAN M.D. 1
RM 02
COMMON HEALTH PROBLEMS IN TODDLERS
BURNS 4) Use a cool (54 degrees F.) saline solution to cool the area for
15-30 minutes. Avoid ice or freezing the injured tissue
5) Wash the area thoroughly with plain soap and water. Dry the
area with a clean towel. Ruptured blisters should be removed,
but the management of clean, intact blisters is controversial
6) If immediate medical care is unavailable or unnecessary,
antibiotic ointment may be applied after thorough cleaning and
before the clean gauze dressing is applied
CLASSIFICATION OF BURNS
SUPERFICIAL
• Very painful, dry, red burns which blanch with pressure.
• They usually take 3 to 7 days to heal without scarring.
• Also known as first-degree burns.
• The most common type of first-degree burn is sunburn.
• First-degree burns are limited to the epidermis or upper layers
of skin
SUPERFICIAL PARTIAL-THICKNESS
• Very painful burns sensitive to temperature change and air
exposure.
• More commonly referred to as second-degree burns.
• Typically, they blister and are moist, red, weeping burns which
blanch with pressure.
• They heal in 7 to 21 days.
• Scarring is usually confined to changes in skin pigment
DEEP PARTIAL-THICKNESS
• Blistering or easily unroofed burns which are wet or waxy dry,
and are painful to pressure.
• Their color may range from patchy, cheesy white to red, and
they do not blanch with pressure.
• They take over 21 days to heal and scarring may be severe. FACIAL BURNS
• It is sometimes difficult to differentiate these burns from full- • Surface
thickness burns • Ocular
• Airway
FULL-THICKNESS • Singed Nasal Hairs
• Burns which cause the skin to be waxy white to a charred black • Airway edema
and tend to be painless. • Glossal Swelling
• Healing is very slow, if at all, and may require skin grafting. • Epiglottic edema
Severe scarring usually occurs • Glottic edema
• Rapidly progressive deterioration
TREATMENT
SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS
1) Treatment should begin immediately to cool the area of the
burn. This will help alleviate pain. SCALDING
2) For deep partial-thickness burns or full- thickness burns, begin
• typically result from hot water, grease, oil or tar.
immediate plans to transport the victim to competent medical
care. • Immersion scalds tend to be worse than spills, because the
3) Remove any hot or burned clothing contact with the hot solution is longer.
• They tend to be deep and severe and should be evaluated by a
physician.
NCM 109: MOTHER AND CHILD AT RISK --- FINALS GILLIAN M.D. 1
