TE
RM 02
COMMON HEALTH PROBLEMS IN INFANTS
INTUSSUSCEPTION RISK FACTORS
• Invagination or telescoping of a portion of the small intestines • Sex: boys
into the large intestines • Age: 2-3 months
• Race: Black, American-Indian, Eskimo
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS • Family hx
• Secondhand smoke
• Loud crying caused by sudden onset of severe abdominal pain • Premature
o pulls knees to chest when crying • Below 20, unhealthy, inadequate prenatal check up
o pain comes and goes (every 15-20 mins)
• Vomiting with bile or fecaloid material PREVENTION
• Currant-jelly stool – bloody loose mucoid stools
• Sausage-shaped mass in the ascending/transverse colon can • Baby should sleep on his back
be felt on palpation • Cribs should be bare
• Prevent overheat
CAUSES • Do not allow baby to sleep alone
• Do not breastfeed while lying down
• Tumor or polyps • Prevent commercial services
• Meckel’s diverticulum • Do not leave baby with pacifier only
RISK FACTORS
• 6mos to 3 yrs
COLIC
• Boys • abdominal pain more than 3 hours a day, 3x a week for 3 weeks
• Prior hx or more
• AIDS
• Meckel’s SYMPTOMS
DIAGNOSTIC TESTS/MANAGEMENT • Predictable crying episodes
• Intense/inconsolable crying for no apparent reason
• Ultrasound/imaging studies • Posture changes
• Barium enema – to reduce invagination/intussusception by
hydrostatic pressure
• Surgery – to remove the gangrenous intestine & end-to-end
DOWN SYNDROME OR TRISOMY 21
anastomoses is done
• a chromosomal abnormality caused by an extra chromosome
COMPLICATIONS 21.
• occur most frequently in pregnancy of women who are over 35
• Gangrene of the bowel – if not corrected immediately yrs of age and paternal age of over 55.
• Perforation
• Peritonitis SYMPTOMS
• Smaller head (microcephaly)
FAILURE TO THRIVE • Decreased muscle tone at birth
• Wide, short neck
• no weight gain in 3 consecutive months • Flattened forehead and occiput
• Simian crease - palm of hands show a horizontal line rather
RISK FACTORS than the normal 3 creases in the palm
• Small ears and mouth
• Social factors
• Upward slanting eyes
• Conditions in GI system
• Wide short hands with short fingers
• Chronic illness
• Brushfield’s spots (white spots on iris)
• Intolerance of milk CHONs
• Infections
• Metabolic disorders DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
• Physical Exam
• Electrocardiogram (ECG)
SIDS (SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME) • Echocardiogram (2D-Echo)
• Blood test (DNA)
CAUSES • X-ray of chest & GIT
• PHYSICAL
o Brain abnormalities
o Low birth weight CLEFT LIP AND PALATE
o Respiratory infections
• CLEFT LIP - a tear or separation of the upper lip due to
incomplete or failure of the maxillary and nasal
• ENVIRONMENTAL
processes/tissue to fuse during intrauterine life (5–8-week
o Sleep on side/stomach
gestation); may be unilateral or bilateral
o Soft surface
o Sleep w/ parents
NCM 109: MOTHER AND CHILD AT RISK --- SEMI-FINALS GILLIAN M.D. 1
RM 02
COMMON HEALTH PROBLEMS IN INFANTS
INTUSSUSCEPTION RISK FACTORS
• Invagination or telescoping of a portion of the small intestines • Sex: boys
into the large intestines • Age: 2-3 months
• Race: Black, American-Indian, Eskimo
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS • Family hx
• Secondhand smoke
• Loud crying caused by sudden onset of severe abdominal pain • Premature
o pulls knees to chest when crying • Below 20, unhealthy, inadequate prenatal check up
o pain comes and goes (every 15-20 mins)
• Vomiting with bile or fecaloid material PREVENTION
• Currant-jelly stool – bloody loose mucoid stools
• Sausage-shaped mass in the ascending/transverse colon can • Baby should sleep on his back
be felt on palpation • Cribs should be bare
• Prevent overheat
CAUSES • Do not allow baby to sleep alone
• Do not breastfeed while lying down
• Tumor or polyps • Prevent commercial services
• Meckel’s diverticulum • Do not leave baby with pacifier only
RISK FACTORS
• 6mos to 3 yrs
COLIC
• Boys • abdominal pain more than 3 hours a day, 3x a week for 3 weeks
• Prior hx or more
• AIDS
• Meckel’s SYMPTOMS
DIAGNOSTIC TESTS/MANAGEMENT • Predictable crying episodes
• Intense/inconsolable crying for no apparent reason
• Ultrasound/imaging studies • Posture changes
• Barium enema – to reduce invagination/intussusception by
hydrostatic pressure
• Surgery – to remove the gangrenous intestine & end-to-end
DOWN SYNDROME OR TRISOMY 21
anastomoses is done
• a chromosomal abnormality caused by an extra chromosome
COMPLICATIONS 21.
• occur most frequently in pregnancy of women who are over 35
• Gangrene of the bowel – if not corrected immediately yrs of age and paternal age of over 55.
• Perforation
• Peritonitis SYMPTOMS
• Smaller head (microcephaly)
FAILURE TO THRIVE • Decreased muscle tone at birth
• Wide, short neck
• no weight gain in 3 consecutive months • Flattened forehead and occiput
• Simian crease - palm of hands show a horizontal line rather
RISK FACTORS than the normal 3 creases in the palm
• Small ears and mouth
• Social factors
• Upward slanting eyes
• Conditions in GI system
• Wide short hands with short fingers
• Chronic illness
• Brushfield’s spots (white spots on iris)
• Intolerance of milk CHONs
• Infections
• Metabolic disorders DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
• Physical Exam
• Electrocardiogram (ECG)
SIDS (SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME) • Echocardiogram (2D-Echo)
• Blood test (DNA)
CAUSES • X-ray of chest & GIT
• PHYSICAL
o Brain abnormalities
o Low birth weight CLEFT LIP AND PALATE
o Respiratory infections
• CLEFT LIP - a tear or separation of the upper lip due to
incomplete or failure of the maxillary and nasal
• ENVIRONMENTAL
processes/tissue to fuse during intrauterine life (5–8-week
o Sleep on side/stomach
gestation); may be unilateral or bilateral
o Soft surface
o Sleep w/ parents
NCM 109: MOTHER AND CHILD AT RISK --- SEMI-FINALS GILLIAN M.D. 1
