MSN 570 Patho Midterm Exam Review 2023,
Must Revise!!
alpha-adrenergic receptors (ANSW) Portions of the nervous system that, when stimulated, can cause
constriction of blood vessels.
amino acids (ANSW) building blocks of proteins
arachnoid meninges (ANSW) middle layer - network of fibers and collagen that are part of the
suspension system that helps protect the brain and spinal cord from sudden impact
arachnoid meninges layer function (ANSW) contains spinal fluid - connects dura mater and pia mater.
network of fibers and collagen that are part of the suspension system that helps protect the brain and
spinal cord from sudden impact
Asthma (ANSW) A chronic allergic disorder characterized by episodes of severe breathing difficulty,
coughing, and wheezing. Obstructive
Atropine (ANSW) muscarinic antagonist (anticholinergic)
Atropine Neurotransmitters (ANSW) Atropine is a muscarinic receptor antagonist that is used to inhibit
the effects of excessive vagal activation on the heart, which is manifested as sinus bradycardia and AV
nodal block. Therefore, atropine can temporarily revert sinus bradycardia to normal sinus rhythm and
reverse AV nodal blocks by removing vagal influences.
beta cell function (ANSW) -in the Islet cells of Langerhans
-secretes insulin
Beta-adrenergic receptor blockers (ANSW) -Blocks NE/Epi effects on heart - less Ca++ entry
-Decreases force of cardiac contractions
, beta-adrenergic receptors (ANSW) Portions of the nervous system that, when stimulated, can cause an
increase in the force of contraction of the heart, an increased heart rate, and bronchial dilation.
Blood Brian Barrier (ANSW) The barrier system that restricts the passage of various chemicals and
microscopic entities between the bloodstream and the central nervous system. It still allows for the
passage of essential substances such as oxygen.
Breathing in COPD (ANSW) should be Diaphragmatic breathing exercises that assist in strengthening
breathing ability because diaphragm tends to be flat in COPD due to hyperinflation of the lungs.
Exhalation should be longer than inhalation and should be done through pursed lips.
Though hypercapnia is the respiratory stimulus ultimately leading to chemoreceptor activation, central
chemoreceptors use the change in brain tissue pH resulting from the change in PCO2 as their stimulus
cardiac output (ANSW) heart rate x stroke volume
cerebral vasodilation (ANSW) Relaxation of cerebral blood vessels that can lead to pooling of blood and
inadequate circulation.
Conducting Zone (ANSW) nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles
deoxygenated blood (ANSW) blood that is oxygen-poor
DNA and amino acids (ANSW) a type of evidence for evolution; the more DNA and amino acids in
common, the more closely related
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ANSW) A cell structure that forms a maze of passageways in which proteins
and other materials are carried from one part of the cell to another.
gene expression (ANSW) process by which a gene produces its product and the product carries out its
function
Must Revise!!
alpha-adrenergic receptors (ANSW) Portions of the nervous system that, when stimulated, can cause
constriction of blood vessels.
amino acids (ANSW) building blocks of proteins
arachnoid meninges (ANSW) middle layer - network of fibers and collagen that are part of the
suspension system that helps protect the brain and spinal cord from sudden impact
arachnoid meninges layer function (ANSW) contains spinal fluid - connects dura mater and pia mater.
network of fibers and collagen that are part of the suspension system that helps protect the brain and
spinal cord from sudden impact
Asthma (ANSW) A chronic allergic disorder characterized by episodes of severe breathing difficulty,
coughing, and wheezing. Obstructive
Atropine (ANSW) muscarinic antagonist (anticholinergic)
Atropine Neurotransmitters (ANSW) Atropine is a muscarinic receptor antagonist that is used to inhibit
the effects of excessive vagal activation on the heart, which is manifested as sinus bradycardia and AV
nodal block. Therefore, atropine can temporarily revert sinus bradycardia to normal sinus rhythm and
reverse AV nodal blocks by removing vagal influences.
beta cell function (ANSW) -in the Islet cells of Langerhans
-secretes insulin
Beta-adrenergic receptor blockers (ANSW) -Blocks NE/Epi effects on heart - less Ca++ entry
-Decreases force of cardiac contractions
, beta-adrenergic receptors (ANSW) Portions of the nervous system that, when stimulated, can cause an
increase in the force of contraction of the heart, an increased heart rate, and bronchial dilation.
Blood Brian Barrier (ANSW) The barrier system that restricts the passage of various chemicals and
microscopic entities between the bloodstream and the central nervous system. It still allows for the
passage of essential substances such as oxygen.
Breathing in COPD (ANSW) should be Diaphragmatic breathing exercises that assist in strengthening
breathing ability because diaphragm tends to be flat in COPD due to hyperinflation of the lungs.
Exhalation should be longer than inhalation and should be done through pursed lips.
Though hypercapnia is the respiratory stimulus ultimately leading to chemoreceptor activation, central
chemoreceptors use the change in brain tissue pH resulting from the change in PCO2 as their stimulus
cardiac output (ANSW) heart rate x stroke volume
cerebral vasodilation (ANSW) Relaxation of cerebral blood vessels that can lead to pooling of blood and
inadequate circulation.
Conducting Zone (ANSW) nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles
deoxygenated blood (ANSW) blood that is oxygen-poor
DNA and amino acids (ANSW) a type of evidence for evolution; the more DNA and amino acids in
common, the more closely related
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ANSW) A cell structure that forms a maze of passageways in which proteins
and other materials are carried from one part of the cell to another.
gene expression (ANSW) process by which a gene produces its product and the product carries out its
function
