MSN 570 Advance Patho : Midterm Study
Guide UPDATED Q&A (A+ Graded 100%
verified)
MI -{ANSW}- Death of myocardium from sudden blockage of coronary artery blood flow
What causes cell death in MI? -{ANSW}- unstable plaque breaks off, triggering platelet aggregation,
coagulation cascade and thrombus formation. continued no blood flow in 10 seconds ischemia, 20
minutes cell die
What consequence of cell death leads to CP? -{ANSW}- hypoxia as cannot meet cell demand for oxygen
How is MI diagnosed -{ANSW}- EKG (STEMI) or elevated Troponin (non-STEMI)
What might you find in blood consistent with MI? -{ANSW}- elevated CK MB, Troponin
Where does CK MB and Troponin come from? -{ANSW}- Release of lysosomal enzymes; CK MB detected
after myocardial necrosis, Troponin released from damaged heart muscle
3 mechanism of cell injury related to reperfussion injury -{ANSW}- ischemia, necrosis, reperfussion l/t
RAS
define reperfussion injury -{ANSW}- injury that occurs after oxygen is reintroduced to tissue perfusion
how does inflammatory process contribute to reperfussion injury? -{ANSW}- as oxygen is reintroduced it
comes in contact with damaged proteins triggering inflammatory response
how does oxidative process contribute to RI? -{ANSW}- RAS causes impairment of cell membrane and
pro-apotptoic cells release. making cell unstable
, what is primary Hypertension? -{ANSW}- Essential or idiopathic, elevated BP without an identified cause,
accounts for 90 - 95% of all cases of hypertension?
what is secondary hypertension? -{ANSW}- Elevated BP, labile BP; related to conditions ie kidney dz;
resistant to BP meds
what is significance of Ventricular hypertrophy and HTN? -{ANSW}- persistent hypertension leads to
ventricular hypertrophy; decrease CO
what comorbidities/conditions does HTN cause? -{ANSW}- stroke, ischemia, heart failure, aneurysm,
hemorrhage
what is preload? -{ANSW}- volume of blood in ventricles at end of diastole
what is afterload? -{ANSW}- peripheral resistance against which the left ventricle must pump
hoe does HTN l/t CHF? -{ANSW}- overwork left ventricle due to increase pressure; decreased pumping
ability of heart and decreases CO.
identify pathological process of gangrene? -{ANSW}- form of coagulative necrosis; interruption of blood
flow l/t denaturing cells enzymes and bacterial invasion
three types of gangrene -{ANSW}- dry, wet & gas
what is the major treatment approach for gangrene? -{ANSW}- removing affective tissue to prevent
infection; treating problem that led to gangrene
why use antibiotic for gangrene? -{ANSW}- to slow bacterial damage
What are the two major necrotic processes? -{ANSW}- Coagulative and liquifactive
Guide UPDATED Q&A (A+ Graded 100%
verified)
MI -{ANSW}- Death of myocardium from sudden blockage of coronary artery blood flow
What causes cell death in MI? -{ANSW}- unstable plaque breaks off, triggering platelet aggregation,
coagulation cascade and thrombus formation. continued no blood flow in 10 seconds ischemia, 20
minutes cell die
What consequence of cell death leads to CP? -{ANSW}- hypoxia as cannot meet cell demand for oxygen
How is MI diagnosed -{ANSW}- EKG (STEMI) or elevated Troponin (non-STEMI)
What might you find in blood consistent with MI? -{ANSW}- elevated CK MB, Troponin
Where does CK MB and Troponin come from? -{ANSW}- Release of lysosomal enzymes; CK MB detected
after myocardial necrosis, Troponin released from damaged heart muscle
3 mechanism of cell injury related to reperfussion injury -{ANSW}- ischemia, necrosis, reperfussion l/t
RAS
define reperfussion injury -{ANSW}- injury that occurs after oxygen is reintroduced to tissue perfusion
how does inflammatory process contribute to reperfussion injury? -{ANSW}- as oxygen is reintroduced it
comes in contact with damaged proteins triggering inflammatory response
how does oxidative process contribute to RI? -{ANSW}- RAS causes impairment of cell membrane and
pro-apotptoic cells release. making cell unstable
, what is primary Hypertension? -{ANSW}- Essential or idiopathic, elevated BP without an identified cause,
accounts for 90 - 95% of all cases of hypertension?
what is secondary hypertension? -{ANSW}- Elevated BP, labile BP; related to conditions ie kidney dz;
resistant to BP meds
what is significance of Ventricular hypertrophy and HTN? -{ANSW}- persistent hypertension leads to
ventricular hypertrophy; decrease CO
what comorbidities/conditions does HTN cause? -{ANSW}- stroke, ischemia, heart failure, aneurysm,
hemorrhage
what is preload? -{ANSW}- volume of blood in ventricles at end of diastole
what is afterload? -{ANSW}- peripheral resistance against which the left ventricle must pump
hoe does HTN l/t CHF? -{ANSW}- overwork left ventricle due to increase pressure; decreased pumping
ability of heart and decreases CO.
identify pathological process of gangrene? -{ANSW}- form of coagulative necrosis; interruption of blood
flow l/t denaturing cells enzymes and bacterial invasion
three types of gangrene -{ANSW}- dry, wet & gas
what is the major treatment approach for gangrene? -{ANSW}- removing affective tissue to prevent
infection; treating problem that led to gangrene
why use antibiotic for gangrene? -{ANSW}- to slow bacterial damage
What are the two major necrotic processes? -{ANSW}- Coagulative and liquifactive
